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FSOT U.S. GOVERNMENT > U.S. GOVERNMENT > Flashcards

U.S. GOVERNMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Evolutionary State Theory

A

The state evolved from the family, with the head of the state with equivalent of the family’s patriarch or matriarch

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2
Q

Force State Theory

A

One person or group of people brought everyone in an area under their control, forming the first government

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3
Q

Divine Right

A

certain people were chosen by the prevailing deity to be the rulers of the nation, which is itself created by deity or deities

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4
Q

Social Contract

A

There is no natural order.
People allow themselves to be governed to maintain social order
People have the right to seek new leaders

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5
Q

Aristotle and Plato

A

Political science would lead to order in politics and a socially just society

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6
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Individuals should have certain rights and duties and these rights and duties should determine the type and extent of governments in rule

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7
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Leviathian (1651)

believed individual lives were focues solely on a quest for power, state must work to control this urge

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8
Q

John Locke

A

“Two Treatises of Civil Government” (1690)
Tabula rasa theory- people are born with minds that are a blank slate– experience molds individual minds, not innante knowledge

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9
Q

Montesquie and Rousseau

A

“Social Contract” (1762) “Declaration of the Rights of Man” , “The Citizen” (1789)
Believed government policies and ideas should change to alleviate existing problems (liberalism)

Individual freedom and community welfare are of equal importance
Man’s innate goodness lead to natural harmony
Reason develops with the rise of civilized society
Individual citizens carry certain obligations to the existing government

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10
Q

Jeremy Bentham and Hume

A

Politics should have its main goal maintaining “the greatest happiness of the greatest number”

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11
Q

John Stuart Mill

A

believed in progressive policies such as women’s suffrage, emancipation and the development of labor organizaitons and farming coops

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12
Q

Liberal

A

Government work to increase equality
Assist those in need of help
Focus on enforced social justice and free education

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13
Q

Conservative

A

Government should be limited in most cases
Should allow its citizens to help one another and solve their own problems rather than enforcing solutions
Business should not be overrugulated (free market)

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14
Q

Moderate

A

Incorporates some liberal and some conservative values,

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15
Q

Libertarian

A

Government role should be limited to protecting the life and liberty of citizens
No involvement in any citizen’s life unless citizen is encroaching upon the rights of another

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16
Q

Principles of Government in the Constitution

A 
Federalism
Popular Sovereignty 
Separation of Powers
Judicial Review
Checks and balances
Limited Government
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17
Q

Federalism

A

power of the government not belong entirely to national government
split between state and national gov

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18
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

Government determined by the people, gains authority/power from the people

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19
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Divided into 3 branches (exec, legis, judic)

Each branch has it’s own enumerated powers

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20
Q

Judicial Review

A

Courts at all levels of government can declare laws invalid

Supreme Court serving as the final judicial authority on decisions

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21
Q

Checks and Balances

A

No branch can action without input from another

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22
Q

Limited Government

A

government powers are limited and certain individual rights are defiend as inviolable by the government

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23
Q

Powers delegated to the national government by the US Constitution

A

Expressed Powers
Implied Powers
Inherent Powers

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24
Q

Expressed Powers

A

Powers directly defined in the constitution

Power to declare war, regulate commerce, make money and collect taxes

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25
Implied Powers
Powers the national government must have in order to carry out the expressed powers
26
Inherent Powers
powers inherent ot any government.
27
Qualifications of a US Citizen
anyone born in the US, to US Citizens or has gone through naturalization is a citizen
28
Rights of a citizen
Certain rights are defined by the US government | Bill of Rights that include freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and a variety of otehr rights
29
Duties of a US Citizen
Paying taxes Loyalty to the government Support and defend the consitution Serve in the armed forces (as required by law) Obeying laws set by various levels of government
30
Responsibilities of a US citizen
Voting in elections Respecting one another's rights and not infringing upon them Staying informed about various politcal and naitonal issues Respecting one another's beliefs
31
Bill of Rights
First ten amendments of the US Constitutions Prevent government from infringing upon certain freedoms seen as natural rights
32
First Amendment
Grants freedom of relgion, speech, press and assembly
33
Second Amendment
Right to bear arms
34
Third Amendment
Congress cannot force individuals to house troops
35
Fourth Amendment
Protection from unreasonable search and seizure
36
Fifth Amendment
No individual required to testify against himself, can't be tried for the same crime twice
37
Sixth Amendment
right to be criminal trial by jury
38
Seventh Amendment
Right to a civil trial by jury
39
Eighth Amendment
No excessive bail, cruel or unusual punishment
40
Ninth Amendment
prevents the absence of rights not explicitly named in the Constitution from being interpreted as a reason to have them taken away
41
Tenth Amendment
Any rights not directly delegated to the national government, or not directly prohibited, belong to the states or to the people
42
Restrictions on the Freedom of Religion
when a religion espouses activities that are otherwise illegal (polygamy)
43
Restrictions to Freedom of Speech
Restricted free speech endangers other people
44
Restrictions of the press
Prevent the press from publishing falsehoods
45
Rights of the Accused
4th, 5th, 6th and 8th Amendment protect the rights of those accused of crimes
46
Supreme Court
Evaluates various laws and court decisions to determine fi they properly represent the idea of equal protection
47
Civil Liberties
Role of the state in providing equal rights and opportunities to individuals within that state
48
Civil Rights
defines the limitations of state rights | Rights that belong to the individual and cannot be infringed upon
49
Suffrage and Franchise
Both terms referring to the right to vote 15th amendment right for slaves to vote 19th amendment gave women right to vote 26th Amendment gave right to vote to anyone over 18
50
Federalists/ Democratic- Republicans
formed in the late 1700s and disagreed on the balance of power between national and state government
51
Democrats and Whigs
Developed before the Civil war-- based on issues of slavery
52
Democrats and Republicans
Developed after Civil War-- based on issues centering on the treatment of post war South
53
Nominating Conventions
First Process in selecting political candidates | Official meeting of the members of a party for expressed purpose of nominating candidates for upcoming elections
54
Caucuses
Second Process in selecting political candidates | Meeting, usually attended by a party's leaders
55
Primary Elections
Third Process in selecting political candidates | Publicly held election to choose candidates
56
Petitions
Fourth Process in selecting political candidates | Signatures gathered to place a candidate on the ballot
57
Anarchists
Believe all government should be eliminated and that individuals should rule themselves
58
Communism
Based on a class conflict, revolution and a one party state Involve a single government for the entire world Control the production and flow of goods/services rather than leaving this to companies/individuals
59
Dictatorships
Rule by a single individual | Rule enforced by small group is oligarchy
60
Facism
Centers on a single leader and is ideologically an oppositional belief to Communism Single party state and centralized control "Cult of Personality"
61
Monarchy
led by a single figure head Position is hereditary and rulers are not elected Constitutional Monarchy- king/queen exist but decisions made by democratically elected institutions
62
Presidential System
No difference between the head of state and head of government Includes legislature and political parties
63
Socialism
State controls production of goods, though it does not own all means of production Provides variety of social services to citizens and helps guide economy
64
Totalitarian
Everything should be under the control of the government | All aspects of life conform to ideals of the government
65
Authoritarian
Practice Wide spread state authority, but do not dismantle all public institutions As long as they are not seen as a threat to the state
66
Parliamentary System of Government
Government involves a legislature and a variety of political parties. Head of government (Prime Minister) is typically the head of the dominant party
67
Democratic System of Government
People elect their government representatives.
68
Indirect Democracy
Employs a legislature that votes on issues that affect large number of people
69
Direct Democracy
Each issue/election is decided by a vote where each individual is counted separately
70
Realism
Nations are aggressive by nature and work in self interest Relations b/w nations determined by military/economic strength Nation highest authority
71
Liberalism
States can cooperate, and that they act based on capabilities rather than power
72
Institutionalism
Provides structure and incentive for cooperation among nations Institutions: are the set of rules used to make international decisions Help distribute power and determine how nations work
73
Constructivism
Based on international cooperation but recognizes that perceptions countries have of each other can affect their relations
74
Foreign Policy
Set of gaols, policies and strategies that determine how an individual nation will interact with other countries. Based on certain set of ideals and national needs
75
Isolationism vs. Internationalism
debate during the 1800s that questioned the amount to which US should intervene in foreign affairs
76
Department of State
Carries out policy, negotiations of treaties, maintains diplomatic relations, asists citizens traveling in foreign countries and ensures that the president is properly informed of any international issues
77
International Organizations (IOs)
Organizations that transcend borders
78
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
Organizations that are made up of members from various national governments i.e. UN
79
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
Lies outside the scope of any government and are usually supported through private donations
80
Diplomats
Individuals who reside in foreign countries in order to maintain communications between that country and their home country Negotiate trade agreements, environmental policies, convey official information
81
United Nations
Helps form international policies by hosting representatives of various countries who then provide input into policy decisions.

FSOT U.S. GOVERNMENT (1 decks)

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