US Constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

Law Defined

A

rules, limits on behavior enforced by governmental authority. the difference between suggestions and advice and a law is that a law has enforcement and consequences

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2
Q

civil law

A

judges do not have the power to create law through interpretation

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3
Q

substantive law

A

refers to actual subject matter of the law or merits of the claim, case or action. embodies the legal rights and duties and is captured by our different sources of law like the statutes the constitution or common law. says what you can and cannot do

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4
Q

common law

A

judge made a law

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5
Q

jurisprudence

A

the philosophy of the law

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6
Q

primary sources of law

A

where laws come from. ex. the us constitution, state constitutions, statutory laws from congress, the state legislatures and local from common law and admin rules and regulations, executive orders and treaties.

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7
Q

due process

A

fundamental fairness and decency in government actions

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8
Q

legal positivism

A

disagree that the law is simply power. follow laws as written no interpretations or reading between the lines, law is what the law says. do not believe people have intrinsic human rights other than those created by the law. don’t feel the need to follow an illegitimate law

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9
Q

legal realism

A

the belief that the law is far less important then the consideration of who is in position to enforce the law. Determine the factors of a likely outcome based on the judges personal and professional beliefs about the issue as determining factors, take into factor the judicial interpretation which is built in checks and balances to our other form of government

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10
Q

natural law

A

the idea that humans possess certain inalienable rights that are not the products of human made law. humans are able to discover moral truths on their own. don’t need a supreme power to tell them right from wrong. human made law is subordinate to natural law. ex. civil rights activists rely on natural law to advance their platforms. BLM for example its wrong to murder and mistreat black people regardless of what the law says.

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11
Q

public law

A

applies to everyone. no one is above the law. law created by a legitimate authority. legal claims to be heard by the judiciary. people can vote for legislatures who create legislation so they can be a part of law creating activities

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12
Q

private law

A

law binding specific parties. example a contract that only applies to those in the parties to a private law agreement and not to everyone else

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13
Q

UCC uniform commercial code

A

is a comprehensive set of laws governing all commercial transactions in the United States. It is not a federal law, but a uniformly adopted state law.

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14
Q

bill of rights

A

first ten amendments. focus on individual rights and freedoms.

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15
Q

statutory law

A

law created by a legislative body. congress and states both have legislative bodies

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16
Q

federalism

A

system of both federal and state power that coexist. allows different rule of law system to operate side by side.

17
Q

stare decisis

A

same legal issue will use same rule of law generated from already decided cases regarding the same issue “ let the decisions stand”

18
Q

police powers

A

used to regulate the safety, health and welfare of its citizens

19
Q

rules and regulations

A

laws made by administrative agencies

20
Q

rule of law

A

a system of laws under which the people and government are bound which allows predictability and restraint of government actions. establishes authority, creates expectation for behavior and establishes redress for grievances and penalties for deviance.

21
Q

Us constitution

A

sets forth 3 branches of government. structures our federal government. congress has power to declare war. president is commander and chief of the armed forces. its the foundation which the US federal rule of law system rests. we the people.. power on the people as well as states

22
Q

ex post facto

A

arbitrary enforcement of unstated retroactive laws.

23
Q

first amendment

A

provides several rights protections: to express ideas through speech and the press, to assemble or gather with a group to protest or for other reasons, and to ask the government to fix problems. It also protects the right to religious beliefs and practices. It prevents the government from creating or favoring a religion.

24
Q

second amendment

A

right to bear arms

25
Q

third amendment

A

soldier not allowed to occupy your house. not allowed to take over your personal property

26
Q

fourth amendment

A

bans unreasonable search and seizure of their private property

27
Q

Fifth amendment

A

The Fifth Amendment provides several protections for people accused of crimes. It states that serious criminal charges must be started by a grand jury. A person cannot be tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) or have property taken away without just compensation. People have the right against self-incrimination and cannot be imprisoned without due process of law (fair procedures and trials.)

28
Q

sixth amendment

A

provides additional protections to people accused of crimes, such as the right to a speedy and public trial, trial by an impartial jury in criminal cases, and to be informed of criminal charges. Witnesses must face the accused, and the accused is allowed his or her own witnesses and to be represented by a lawyer.

29
Q

seventh amendment

A

extends the right to a jury trial in Federal civil cases.

30
Q

eighth amendment

A

bars excessive bail and fines and cruel and unusual punishment.

31
Q

ninth amendment

A

states that listing specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that people do not have other rights that have not been spelled out.

32
Q

tenth amendment

A

says that the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people.