US - California Flashcards
What term indicates a premium California blend made from Bordeaux varieties with no single grape surpassing 90%?
Meritage Explanation: The term is trademarked by the Meritage Alliance for Bordeaux-style blends.
Which Croatian grape was definitively linked to California’s Zinfandel?
Crljenak Kastelanski Explanation: Carole Meredith’s genetic research proved they are the same variety.
Which six counties are included in the North Coast AVA?
Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake, Solano, and Marin Explanation: These counties collectively form the North Coast AVA.
What percentage of California’s vineyard acreage is in Napa Valley?
About 4% Explanation: Napa accounts for a small percentage of the state’s total acreage.
How many sub-AVAs does Napa Valley contain?
17 Explanation: They are nested within the larger Napa Valley AVA.
Crystal Springs of Napa Valley(2024, 400-1400feet) in Spring Mountain District
Which two mountain ranges form the Napa Valley?
The Mayacamas Mountains to the west and the Vaca Mountains to the east Explanation: They create the valley’s geography.
Which southern AVA in Napa Valley is well-suited for sparkling wine production?
Carneros AVA Explanation: Its cooler climate favors sparkling wine grapes like Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
Which northernmost AVA in Napa routinely sees summer temperatures above 90°F?
Calistoga AVA Explanation: It is among the warmest sub-AVAs of Napa Valley.
What types of soil are most prevalent in Napa Valley?
Volcanic, alluvial, and maritime soils Explanation: These create diverse vineyard terroirs.
Which wettest and coolest of Napa’s mountain AVAs was the first to receive sub-appellation status within Napa Valley?
Howell Mountain Explanation: It begins at 1,400 feet in elevation.
Which mountain AVA in Napa has the highest-altitude west-facing vineyards producing benchmark wines?
Howell Mountain Explanation: It is known for its high elevation and distinctive Cabernet Sauvignon.
What is the most planted grape variety in Sonoma County overall?
Chardonnay Explanation: It leads with over 16,000 acres.
How many AVAs does Sonoma County contain?
19 Explanation: Each AVA reflects unique climates and soils.(West Sonoma Coast, 2022, 500-1000 feet, Littorai, Hirsch Vineyards, Peay Vineyards)
Which labeling requirement was introduced in Sonoma County from 2011 forward?
All wines must state Sonoma County on the label Explanation: This is the conjunctive labeling law.
Which AVA in Sonoma is classified as Region I on the Winkler Index?
Carneros AVA Explanation: Its cool temperatures place it in Winkler Region I.
(Russian River Valley, Santa Maria, Sta. Rita Hills)
Which Sonoma AVA is considered the coolest in the northern stretches, with persistent coastal fog?
Sonoma Coast AVA Explanation: Altitude and cold ocean air combine for very cool conditions.
What year was the West Sonoma Coast AVA approved?
2022 Explanation: It was established to delineate the true coastal region of Sonoma.
Which AVA follows the Russian River southwest from Healdsburg and is known for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Russian River Valley AVA Explanation: Fruity, forward styles of these grapes are typical there.
What is the fertile sandy loam soil found in the Russian River Valley AVA?
Goldridge sandy loam Explanation: Common in Green Valley and other parts of the Russian River Valley.
*Soil: Goldridge and Altamont soils. Mostly Sandy loam based.
Which AVA is nested within Russian River Valley and known for cool temperatures and morning fog?
Green Valley of Russian River Valley AVA Explanation: It is distinct for its Goldridge soil and microclimate.
Which small AVA north of Dry Creek Valley is known for powerful Zinfandel?
Rockpile AVA Explanation: It produces ripe, concentrated Zinfandel above the fog line.
*Elevation: 800–1,900 feet (800’ is the minimum elevation to qualify for the AVA)
Which Sonoma Valley nested AVA is too cool to regularly ripen Cabernet Sauvignon, favoring Merlot instead?
Bennett Valley AVA Explanation: It is known for Merlot due to its cooler microclimate.
What is the name of the mountain range forming Sonoma Valley’s eastern boundary?
The Mayacamas range Explanation: It separates Sonoma Valley from Napa Valley.
Which AVA covers the southern counties stretching from Los Angeles to San Diego?
South Coast AVA Explanation: It spans several coastal counties in Southern California.
Which gap funnels cool air to Monterey AVA, creating one of California’s longest growing seasons?
Salinas Valley
The west-to-east gap in the coastal mountains Explanation: It allows ocean air to flow into Monterey AVA.
Which sub-AVA in Monterey is home to Garys’ Vineyard, known for Pinot Noir?
Santa Lucia Highlands AVA Explanation: It produces acclaimed Pinot Noir.
Which AVA in San Luis Obispo County created 11 sub-AVAs in 2014?
Paso Robles AVA Explanation: Its large size and diverse soils prompted further subdivision.
Which AVA in Santa Barbara County features an east-west coastline, bending at Point Conception?
Sta. Rita Hills AVA
Which AVA includes Sta. Rita Hills, Happy Canyon, Ballard Canyon, and Los Olivos District within it?
Santa Ynez Valley AVA Explanation: These nested AVAs lie within its boundaries.
Which AVA was forced to abbreviate its name due to a legal dispute with a Chilean winery?
Sta. Rita Hills AVA Explanation: It was shortened to Sta. Rita Hills in 2006.
Which largest Central Valley AVA accounts for over 20% of California’s wine grape production?
Lodi AVA Explanation: Known for old vine Zinfandel and a range of other varieties.
Which soil series in Sonoma County is prized for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Goldridge soil Explanation: A fine-grained sandy loam from uplifted marine sandstone.
What climatic phenomenon funnels cold Pacific air through Sonoma County?
The Petaluma Gap Explanation: It creates wind and fog, moderating vineyard temperatures.
Which major water body influences Sonoma County’s climate from the south?
San Pablo Bay Explanation: It channels fog and cool breezes into southern Sonoma.
How many AVAs does Sonoma County have in total?
19 Explanation: They range from Carneros in the south to Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak in the north.
What is Sonoma’s oldest operating winery, founded before Prohibition?
Buena Vista Winery Explanation: It was established in Sonoma Valley in 1857.
Which AVA runs parallel to Napa Valley and is flanked by the Mayacamas and Sonoma Mountains?
Sonoma Valley AVA Explanation: It extends roughly north-south.
Which AVA in Sonoma includes Glen Ellen and the town of Sonoma?
Sonoma Valley AVA Explanation: It is one of Sonoma’s most historic winegrowing areas.
Which nested AVA on the western slopes of Sonoma Valley ascends to 2,400 feet in elevation?
Sonoma Mountain AVA Explanation: Known for Bordeaux varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon.
Which smaller AVA is located between Sonoma Mountain, Taylor Mountain, and Bennett Peak?
Bennett Valley AVA Explanation: It is cooled by airflow from the Petaluma Gap.
What is the name of the AVA on the Mayacamas slopes directly west of Napa’s Mount Veeder AVA?
Moon Mountain District AVA Explanation: It includes vineyards up to 2,700 feet in elevation.
Which historic vineyard in Moon Mountain District is famous for its iron-rich Red Hill loam?
Monte Rosso Vineyard Explanation: Planted in the late 19th century and owned by E. & J. Gallo.
Which AVA in southern Sonoma is shared with Napa and specializes in Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Los Carneros AVA Explanation: It straddles both Sonoma and Napa counties.
Which AVA was approved in 2017 to highlight wind-driven sites between Sonoma and Marin?
Petaluma Gap AVA Explanation: Its climate is defined by strong wind and fog funneling through the gap.
Which small, single-vineyard AVA in Mendocino is only 150 acres in total area?
Cole Ranch AVA Explanation: It is recognized as the smallest AVA in America.
Which Mendocino AVA is extremely cool, hosting Louis Roederer’s sparkling wine estate?
Anderson Valley AVA Explanation: Fog and ocean air funnel inland along the Navarro River.
Which AVA in Mendocino restricts vineyards to at least 1,200 feet above sea level?
Mendocino Ridge AVA Explanation: Known as the “Islands in the Sky” for its high-elevation vineyards.
Which new AVA in Mendocino was established partly to avoid overlap with Mendocino AVA?
Eagle Peak Mendocino County AVA(2014) Explanation: It led to a rare boundary reduction of the Mendocino AVA.
Which AVA covers the majority of vineyards in Lake County, surrounding its large freshwater lake?
Clear Lake AVA Explanation: It benefits from the cooling influence of Clear Lake.
Which Lake County AVA is named for its red, volcanic soil at elevations above 2,000 feet?
Red Hills AVA Explanation: It is prized for high-quality Cabernet Sauvignon.
*Soil: Rocky, red-colored volcanic soil
Elevation: Approx. 1,350–2,600 feet
Which large, multi-county AVA includes Livermore Valley, Santa Cruz Mountains, and more?
San Francisco Bay AVA Explanation: It spans various smaller AVAs around the bay area.
What is the name of the new AVA established in 2022 that includes Mount Harlan and Chalone?
Gabilan Mountains AVA Explanation: It covers those existing sub-AVAs in the range.
Which AVA in San Luis Obispo hosts the world’s largest Rhône celebration, Hospice du Rhône?
Paso Robles AVA Explanation: It has a strong focus on Rhône varietals.
What is the largest winery headquartered in the Central Valley?
E. & J. Gallo Explanation: It is the second-largest wine producer in the world.
Which Central Valley AVA south of Sacramento has seven sub-AVAs?
Lodi AVA Explanation: It includes Alta Mesa, Borden Ranch, Clements Hills, etc.
Which AVA encompasses 19th-century gold rush territory, known for old vine Zinfandel?
Sierra Foothills AVA Explanation: It covers historic areas east of Sacramento.
Which sub-AVA in the Sierra Foothills has some of the oldest Zinfandel vines?
California Shenandoah Valley AVA Explanation: Old vines date back to before Prohibition.
*Key Producers: Domaine de la Terre Rouge, Deaver Vineyards
Which producer famously used the term ‘old vine’ Zinfandel and helped put Dry Creek on the map?
Dry Creek Vineyard Explanation: Established in 1972 by David Stare.
Which appellation in Sonoma includes the ridgetop vineyards once considered too cold for grapes?
Fort Ross–Seaview AVA Explanation: Situated close to the Pacific, above the fog line.
*Key Producers & Important Vineyards: Failla, Flowers, Fort Ross Vineyard, Red Car
Which 2022 AVA is known as the ‘True Sonoma Coast’?
West Sonoma Coast AVA Explanation: Hugs 141,846 coastal acres from Mendocino to Bodega Bay.
Which large blending AVA covers much of northern Sonoma, including the Sonoma Coast and RRV?
Northern Sonoma AVA Explanation: Created for estate bottling and broader blending possibilities.
*Nested AVA’s: Chalk Hill AVA, Knights Valley AVA, Alexander Valley AVA, Dry Creek Valley AVA, Russian River Valley AVA, Green Valley AVA, along with parts of Rockpile AVA, Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVA, and Sonoma Coast AVA
Which hot Sonoma valley is known for more herbaceous Cabernet than Napa, with warm Region III climate?
Alexander Valley AVA Explanation: Warm temperatures plus gravelly soils encourage Bordeaux varieties.
*Soil: Alluvial gravel
Which AVA in Sonoma is the warmest and farthest east, known for Cabernet Sauvignon like Peter Michael’s Les Pavots?
Knights Valley AVA Explanation: It sits between the Mayacamas and the start of Napa’s Calistoga region.
*Les Pavots = French for “The Poppies
What AVA in Sonoma was the birthplace of Zinfandel’s rise in the region with Bob Colson’s plantings in the 1870s?
Dry Creek Valley AVA Explanation: Its early success was noted in historical records.
What does the term ‘benchland’ refer to in areas like the Alexander Valley?
Gently sloping gravelly zones at the base of hills Explanation: They are prized for Cabernet Sauvignon.
Which new AVA established in 2011 straddles the border of Sonoma and Mendocino at high elevation?
Pine Mountain–Cloverdale Peak AVA Explanation: Vineyards begin at 1,600 feet with rocky soils.
Which large, cooler AVA in Sonoma is segmented into neighborhoods such as Green Valley and *Laguna Ridge?
Russian River Valley AVA Explanation: Known for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay diversity.
*unofficial AVA
Which sub-AVA in the Russian River Valley is also recognized for sparkling wine?
Green Valley of Russian River Valley Explanation: Iron Horse leads in traditional method production.
What are the two main climate influences in the Dry Creek Valley AVA?
Lake Sonoma to the north and marine air from the west Explanation: They provide cooling in this warmer region.
Which Mendocino AVA is traversed by Highway 128 and prized for Pinot Noir and sparkling wine?
Anderson Valley AVA Explanation: Known for its fog, marginal climate, and success with Pinot Noir.
Which house from Champagne established Roederer Estate in Anderson Valley in the early 1980s?
Louis Roederer Explanation: They produce elegant sparkling wine there.
Which Mendocino AVA is known for its noncontiguous ‘Islands in the Sky’ vineyards above 1,200 feet?
Mendocino Ridge AVA Explanation: Zinfandel thrives above the fog line.
Which two small northern AVAs in Mendocino have fewer than 10 acres each?
Dos Rios AVA and Covelo AVA Explanation: They are not commercially significant.
Which county in the North Coast has nine AVAs, including Clear Lake and Red Hills?
Lake County Explanation: High elevations and the lake’s moderation support premium vineyards.
Which Lake County AVA offers top-quality Cabernet Sauvignon on iron-rich volcanic soils near Mount Konocti?
Red Hills AVA Explanation: Bright fruit is typical from those high-elevation, red-volcanic soils.
What is the largest estate in Lake County’s Guenoc Valley AVA?
Langtry Estate and Vineyards Explanation: Owned originally by actress Lillie Langtry in the 1880s.
Which two AVAs in Solano County are cooled by the Suisun Bay estuary?
Suisun Valley AVA and Solano County Green Valley AVA Explanation: Maritime breezes moderate temperatures there.
Which AVA in California’s Sierra Foothills is named for a 19th-century gold rush region?
Sierra Foothills AVA Explanation: It spans multiple counties east of Sacramento.
Which Napa Valley climate factor ensures a strong diurnal swing in much of the region?
Marine fog from San Pablo Bay and openings like the Chalk Hill Gap Explanation: They cool down hot days.
Which soils underlie most of Napa Valley’s geology?
Great Valley sequence, Franciscan Assemblage, and Napa Volcanics Explanation: These three bedrocks shape the region’s diverse soils.
Which phenomenon creates the gentle slopes of benchland vineyards in Napa Valley?
Alluvial fans Explanation: Debris washed down from the mountains forms these well-drained benches.
Which slope restriction does Napa County enforce for vineyard planting?
No vines are allowed on slopes over 30 degrees Explanation: It prevents severe erosion and environmental impact.
Which variety leads in Napa Valley’s plantings, surpassing 20,000 acres?
Cabernet Sauvignon Explanation: It is the flagship grape in Napa.
Which historical rootstock fiasco contributed to Napa’s replanting in the 1990s?
AXR-1 rootstock’s phylloxera vulnerability Explanation: It spurred a massive vineyard overhaul.
What was the first AVA in California?
Napa Valley AVA (1981) Explanation: It was second in the US after Augusta in Missouri.
Which two sub-AVAs of Napa were designated in 1983?
Los Carneros and Howell Mountain Explanation: They were Napa’s earliest recognized nested AVAs.
Which AVA spanning Napa and Sonoma is known for Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Merlot on clay soils?
Los Carneros AVA Explanation: Its windy, cool climate suits these varieties.
What is the elevation threshold for Howell Mountain AVA?
1,400 feet Explanation: Vineyards must be above the fog line.
Which Howell Mountain producer made wines known for firm tannins and ageworthy character?
Dunn Vineyards Explanation: Randy Dunn championed the rugged style of Howell Mountain Cab.
Which eastern Napa Valley AVA includes Stagecoach Vineyard and the Antinori-owned Antica estate?
Atlas Peak AVA Explanation: Noted for volcanic soils and high elevation.
Which famed Rutherford bench vineyard was planted by Georges de Latour and named for its dusty tannins?
Beaulieu Vineyard’s Ranches, also known for “Rutherford dust” Explanation: Tchelistcheff popularized the term.
Which vineyard, purchased by Hamilton Crabb in 1868, is considered iconic in Oakville AVA?
To-Kalon Vineyard(sits on an alluvial fan) Explanation: It’s among the most celebrated sites in Napa Valley.(one of North America’s ‘first growth’ vineyards)
Which mountain AVA in Napa is located west of St. Helena with diverse, steep slopes and varied aspects?
Spring Mountain District AVA Explanation: Not a single mountain but a complex of ridges and valleys.
Which valley floor AVA in Napa is known for iconic estates like Dominus?
Yountville AVA Explanation: Cool climate plus heavier soils suit Merlot.
Key Producers & Important Vineyards: Blankiet, Domaine Chandon, Dominus, Gemstone, Ghost Block, Grgich, Kapcsándy, Keever, Napanook, Reese/Sleeping Lady
Which quiet eastern valley in Napa, parallel to the main valley, is recognized as its own AVA?
Chiles Valley AVA Explanation: It sits behind Howell Mountain and Pritchard Hill.
Which southern Napa AVA is impacted by daily fog, producing more restrained Cabernet Sauvignon styles?
Coombsville AVA Explanation: Proximity to San Pablo Bay gives cooler conditions.
Which mountain area near Lake Hennessey is home to revered estates like Chappellet and Colgin but lacks AVA status?
Pritchard Hill Explanation: The name is trademarked by Chappellet, preventing official designation.
Which revered vineyard in Calistoga was among the first single-vineyard wines in Napa?
Eisele Vineyard Explanation: It was singled out on a label as early as 1971.
Which AVA is often described as Napa’s “gateway” from the city, with cooler climate and varied soils?
Oak Knoll District AVA Explanation: Known for Merlot and Chardonnay due to its cool climate.
How many nested AVAs exist within the Napa Valley AVA, not counting proposals or trademark-blocked areas?
17 Explanation: They were recognized over time, starting in 1983 through 2011.
Which nonprofit in Sonoma launched a program to certify vineyards as Sonoma County Sustainable by 2019?
Sonoma County Winegrowers Explanation: 99% of local vineyards achieved certification by then.
Which four sustainable certification bodies are recognized under the Sonoma County Sustainable initiative?
Fish Friendly Farming, California Sustainable Winegrowing Alliance, Lodi Rules, SIP (Sustainability in Practice) Explanation: Vineyards must meet at least one of these.
Which windy, fog-laden AVA in southern Sonoma grows mainly Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Syrah?
Petaluma Gap AVA Explanation: Its strong afternoon winds reduce yields and extend ripening.
Which sub-AVA of the Russian River Valley holds the highest percentage of Goldridge soil?
Green Valley of Russian River Valley Explanation: Around 60% of Green Valley is Goldridge sandy loam.
Which winery in Dry Creek Valley coined the term ‘old vine’ and also championed Fumé Blanc?
Dry Creek Vineyard Explanation: David Stare’s marketing helped define local Zinfandel and Sauvignon Blanc.
What is the typical style of Dry Creek Zinfandel?
Ripe, powerful, often jammy with brambly fruit Explanation: It can surpass 15% ABV.
Which small, high-elevation AVA overlaps Alexander Valley in Sonoma and extends north into Mendocino?
Pine Mountain–Cloverdale Peak AVA Explanation: Vineyards start above 1,600 feet.
Which is considered the coolest segment of the Sonoma Coast, featuring sub-regions like Annapolis and Freestone?
West Sonoma Coast (True Sonoma Coast) Explanation: Approved as its own AVA in 2022.
Which of Mendocino’s sub-AVAs is smallest at just 55 planted acres?
Cole Ranch AVA Explanation: Recognized as the smallest AVA in the country.
Which two largest producers in the Central Valley also manage major brands like Franzia and Barefoot?
The Wine Group and Gallo Explanation: They dominate bulk wine production in the region.
Which large difference in day/night temperatures helps preserve acidity in Lodi AVA fruit?
A diurnal shift up to 45°F (약 7.22°C)
Explanation: Cooling air from the delta is drawn inland at night.
Which new AVA in Santa Barbara is nestled between Santa Maria and Santa Ynez Valleys?
Alisos Canyon AVA Explanation: Approved in 2020, focusing on Rhône varieties.
*Major Grapes: Syrah, Grenache Blanc, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc
*Elevation: 673-1412 feet
*Soil: Weathered Sandstone, Shale, and Limestone (Paso Robles and Sisquoc formation)
*Key Producers & Important Vineyards: Andrew Murray, Two Papas, Fernweh, Thompson Vineyard
Which county features some of the state’s oldest Petite Sirah, including the ‘Palisades’ block?
Calistoga in Napa Explanation: Vineyards like Palisades survived Prohibition, showcasing old vine Petite Sirah.
Which Napa sub-AVA experiences the largest diurnal swings, up to 40°F or more?
Calistoga AVA Explanation: Warm days, cool nights define its climate.
Which eastern Napa region has potential for Bordeaux-style reds but lacks official AVA status, aside from Chiles Valley?
Pope Valley Explanation: Historically used for blending; not officially recognized as an AVA.
Which county is known for Redwood Valley and Potter Valley sub-AVAs with differing climate influences?
Mendocino County Explanation: Redwood for red grapes, Potter for whites at higher elevations.
Which large AVA overlaps the entire North Coast region, allowing multi-county blends to state a single AVA?
North Coast AVA Explanation: Spanning Napa, Sonoma, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Solano counties.
Which AVA in Mendocino is considered the coolest, with some vineyard elevations up to 2,500 feet?
Anderson Valley AVA Explanation: Fog traveling inland along the Navarro River keeps it cool.
Which two counties share the Petaluma Gap AVA?
Sonoma and Marin Explanation: The AVA extends from the Pacific Coast through Petaluma to the San Pablo Bay.
Which Napa AVA is home to the famous Martha’s Vineyard, known for its distinctive minty Cabernet?
Oakville AVA Explanation: Owned by the Heitz family, it helped define site-specific Cabernet in Napa.
Which AVA in Sonoma requires all wine from 2011 on to display ‘Sonoma County’ on the label?
All AVAs within Sonoma Explanation: Conjunctive labeling laws enforce this requirement.
Which mountain range to the west of Napa shields it from excessive Pacific fog?
The Mayacamas Mountains Explanation: They block most of the coastal fog from entering Napa directly.
Which style of wine grew popular in the 1970s, ironically saving many old Zinfandel vines from replanting?
White Zinfandel Explanation: The sweeter blush style sustained demand for the grape.
Which county in the North Coast is best known for Redwood forests, cannabis culture, and cool-climate Pinot Noir?
Mendocino County Explanation: Anderson Valley is its star Pinot Noir region.
Which Sonoma Valley AVA was home to writer Jack London, who dubbed it the ‘Valley of the Moon’?
Sonoma Valley AVA Explanation: Jack London’s ranch was near Glen Ellen.
Which old vine variety in Sonoma’s field blends is a teinturier grape?
Alicante Bouschet Explanation: Often co-planted with Zinfandel, Carignan, and Petite Sirah.
Which mountain range encloses the west side of Sonoma, forming the Redwood forests near the true coast?
The Coast Ranges Explanation: They include ridgelines that protect certain vineyards from cold extremes.
Which region’s soils mix marine sediment, volcanic ash, and ancient ocean floor uplifting, creating extremes of terroir?
Sonoma County Explanation: The San Andreas Fault’s movement shaped diverse soil types.
Which southwestern AVA in Sonoma experiences some of the county’s coolest temperatures from Pacific fog?
Petaluma Gap AVA Explanation: Fog frequently lingers, slowing ripening for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
Which older facility in St. Helena was once the Christian Brothers Winery, known for brandy and sparkling wine?
The Greystone building Explanation: Now home to the Culinary Institute of America.
Which vineyard was the first in Napa post-Prohibition to feature vineyard designation on a Cabernet?
Martha’s Vineyard by Heitz Explanation: Launched in the 1960s with vintage labeling.
Which eastern AVA of Napa is recognized for volcanic red soils and higher elevation near Pritchard Hill?
Atlas Peak AVA Explanation: Home to Stagecoach Vineyard, known for rocky, volcanic terroir.
Which Monterey AVA is known for the ‘lettuce capital of the world,’ producing bulk wine historically?
Monterey AVA (Salinas Valley floor) Explanation: Salinas is famed for lettuce and large-scale wine.
Which dividing line does the TTB generally not allow AVAs to overlap, although some Sonoma AVAs do?
Existing AVA boundaries Explanation: Yet Sonoma’s nested AVAs frequently intersect or overlap each other.
Which variety in Sonoma soared in popularity after the 2004 film Sideways?
Pinot Noir Explanation: The film created a nationwide surge in Pinot Noir demand.
Which smaller region in Sonoma is recognized for the iconic ‘Gap’s Crown Vineyard’ for Pinot Noir?
Petaluma Gap AVA Explanation: Gap’s Crown is a notable, high-quality site for Pinot.
Which AVA is widely known for a band of prime Cabernet vineyards along the benchland from Yountville to Calistoga?
Napa Valley (western bench) Explanation: Gravelly alluvial fans define that premium Cabernet zone.
Which mountainous area in Napa along the Sonoma border has older producers like Mayacamas and Hess?
Mount Veeder AVA Explanation: It is less developed with rugged terrain and a cooler mountain climate.
Which Napa AVA in the Vacas is famous for Dalla Valle and Screaming Eagle’s slightly redder soils?
Oakville AVA (eastern side) Explanation: Iron-rich soils produce famed modern style Cabernets.
Which region has historically been known as the ‘Buckle of the Prune Belt’ before returning to wine production?
Alexander Valley Explanation: Post-Prohibition, many vineyards were replaced by prune orchards.
Which hillside vineyards above 1,600 feet in Sonoma produce intense Cabernet for the Jackson Family’s Stonestreet?
The eastern ridgeline of the Alexander Valley Explanation: Extremely high elevations yield powerful wines.
Which cooler sub-zone of the Alexander Valley can yield more herbaceous Cabernet?
The valley floor near the Russian River Explanation: Fertile soils and cooler nighttime temps can amplify pyrazines.
Which Yountville vineyard is recognized for 100% Cabernet from the southwestern bench, known as ‘Sleeping Lady’?
Sleeping Lady Vineyard Explanation: It has gained acclaim for its refined Yountville Cabernet.
Which two sub-AVAs of the Russian River Valley are named and recognized officially?
Green Valley of Russian River Valley and Chalk Hill AVA Explanation: Each sub-AVA has distinct soil and climate.
Which large AVA in Mendocino was once shrunk in 2014 to avoid overlapping Eagle Peak Mendocino County?
Mendocino AVA Explanation: A rare case where an AVA boundary decreased.
Which significant north-south fault runs through Sonoma County, shaping its ranges and valleys?
The San Andreas Fault Explanation: Responsible for seismic activity and varied geology.
Which principal valley in Santa Barbara runs east-west, funneling in maritime fog for Pinot Noir success?
Santa Maria Valley AVA Explanation: The orientation draws cool Pacific air inland.
Which Central Coast AVA includes Santa Cruz Mountains and excludes it from membership?
Central Coast AVA Explanation: Despite including Santa Cruz County, the Santa Cruz Mountains AVA is specifically excluded.
Which southern sub-AVA of Napa shares significant acreage with Sonoma in Carneros?
Carneros AVA Explanation: It is legally a shared AVA between Napa and Sonoma.
Which phenomenon in Monterey extends the growing season by creating a constant inflow of cool air?
The “Blue Grand Canyon,” a deep underwater canyon off Monterey Bay Explanation: It drives strong oceanic cooling.
Which sub-AVA of Sonoma Valley includes the famed Monte Rosso Vineyard on iron-rich soils?
Moon Mountain District AVA Explanation: The site’s red volcanic soils define its name.
Which small AVA in Napa is cooler due to adjacency to Suisun Bay breezes?
Coombsville AVA Explanation: Southeastern Napa, near the bay, experiences daily fog and cooler temps.
Which Redwood Valley pioneer made organic wine a hallmark in Mendocino County?
Fetzer Vineyards Explanation: They began focusing on organic practices early on.
Which 1940s marketing term for barrel-aged Sauvignon Blanc was coined by Robert Mondavi?
Fumé Blanc Explanation: He used it to emulate Pouilly-Fumé and brand his oak-aged style.
Which primary climate factor shapes Carneros for sparkling wine grapes?
Daily intrusion of cool fog from San Pablo Bay Explanation: Moderates daytime heat, ideal for sparkling varieties.
Which eastern hillside region of Napa forms a parallel valley behind St. Helena, recognized as Chiles Valley?
Chiles Valley AVA Explanation: Sits behind Howell Mountain with cooler breezes.
Which sub-AVA is the earliest recognized in Napa for producing Cabernet Sauvignon in a high-elevation climate?
Howell Mountain AVA (1983) Explanation: One of the first two sub-AVAs in the county.
Which famed project in Paso Robles introduced Beaucastel Rhône clones to California producers?
Tablas Creek Explanation: Their nursery distributed certified clones of Rhône varieties across the state.
Which style of Zinfandel is typical of Napa’s cooler Coombsville sites like the Moore Vineyard?
More lifted, bright red fruit Zinfandel Explanation: The cooler climate preserves acidity and freshness.
Which sub-AVA in the Sierra Foothills can experience the hottest temperatures, leading to powerful Zins?
Shenandoah Valley Explanation: It lies at lower elevations with hot daytime temps.
Which type of soils in Mendocino’s Anderson Valley do aromatic grapes like Riesling thrive on?
Alluvial loams along the Navarro River Explanation: The climate and soils favor aromatic whites.
Which technique for canopy management replaced ‘California sprawl’ in Napa in the 1980s–1990s?
Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP) Explanation: It allowed more uniform fruit exposure and mechanical farming.
Which new style of trellising is emerging in Napa to provide better shade and uniform fruiting?
Y- or V-shaped canopies Explanation: They protect clusters from excessive sun while maintaining consistency.
Which old vine style in Sonoma, often interplanted with Alicante Bouschet and Carignan, is revered by heritage producers?
Mixed black field blends Explanation: Zinfandel is often the dominant variety in these vineyards.
Which county in the Central Coast is known for lettuce, producing Monterey AVA wines mostly for bulk?
Monterey County Explanation: Salinas Valley is the ‘lettuce capital.’
Which sub-AVA in Paso Robles has historically produced some of California’s best Zinfandel?
York Mountain AVA Explanation: An older, smaller sub-AVA with a long history of Zinfandel production.
Which county includes the earliest known vineyard in California, planted by Spanish missionaries around 1769?
San Diego County Explanation: The first missions introduced viticulture to the region.
Which term indicates a multi-county blend that does not qualify for a single-county AVA in California?
California wine (or “California” on the label) Explanation: Used when grapes come from multiple counties or regions.
Which AVA, established in 2011, covers an area in Sonoma’s interior foothills known historically for Thomas Lake Harris’s settlement?
Fountaingrove District AVA Explanation: It honors the utopian community and the old Fountain Grove Winery.
Which iconic Anderson Valley producer focuses on sparkling wine and also owns Scharffenberger?
Louis Roederer (Roederer Estate) Explanation: Its production is among the top in California sparkling.
Which style do many producers in the West Sonoma Coast AVA target for Pinot Noir?
Lean, high-acid wines with lower alcohol Explanation: The extreme maritime climate supports a restrained style.
Which Napa AVA transitions from cooler Carneros in the south to warmer Rutherford in the north?
Oak Knoll District AVA Explanation: It lies directly above the city of Napa, bridging temperature gradients.
Which small region in Santa Barbara includes the sub-AVAs Ballard Canyon, Happy Canyon, etc.?
Santa Ynez Valley AVA Explanation: The largest corridor of vineyards in the county.
Which was the first ‘mountain AVA’ recognized in Napa?
Howell Mountain AVA Explanation: Gained AVA status in 1983.
Which major climb in wine tourism began for Napa in the 1960s, culminating in the Judgment of Paris?
Post-Prohibition renaissance Explanation: Early modern producers triggered interest in high-quality Napa wines.
Which mountain appellation in Napa is known for Zinfandel from sites like Rattlesnake Ridge and Dragon?
Howell Mountain AVA Explanation: Turley Vineyards sources notable Zinfandel from these rugged blocks.
Which vineyard, once part of Martin Stelling’s holdings, is recognized as Beckstoffer To-Kalon?
Part of the original To-Kalon Vineyard Explanation: Acquired by Andy Beckstoffer.
Which lab-derived clone for Chardonnay in California is widely used for its higher yields and acidity?
Clone 4 (Wente clone 108) Explanation: It originated from Wente and UC Davis selection.
Which cooler subregion of the Russian River Valley is prized for high-acid, crystalline Pinot Noir?
Green Valley AVA Explanation: Fog lingers the longest, preserving acidity.
Which geological formation in Sonoma includes uplifted marine sandstone central to Goldridge soil?
Wilson Grove Formation Explanation: Known for fine-grained sandy soils ideal for Chardonnay and Pinot.
Which sub-AVA in the Russian River Valley experiences the earliest burn-off of fog due to hillside elevation?
The western or higher portions of Green Valley Explanation: Elevated vineyards sit above the fog layer.
Which county’s southwestern portion is the Petaluma Gap AVA partly located in?
Marin County Explanation: The AVA crosses the county line with Sonoma.
Which northern extension of Sonoma County abuts Mendocino, featuring Pine Mountain–Cloverdale Peak?
The area near Cloverdale at the Sonoma-Mendocino border Explanation: High-elevation Cabernet sites exist there.
Which family in Sonoma Valley is known for championing old vine Zinfandel vineyards and producing multiple designated wines?
The Peterson/Twain-Peterson family at Bedrock Wine Co. Explanation: Joel Peterson founded Ravenswood; his son Morgan continues at Bedrock.
Which pioneering Sonoma Sparkling producer was established by Spanish Cava house Freixenet?
Gloria Ferrer Explanation: They set up in Carneros in the 1980s.
Which Napa producer discovered ‘cork taint’ in the 1980s, leading to heightened industry awareness?
Chalk Hill is not in Napa, so not correct. (No direct mention in text) Explanation: Not specified in the text.
Which popular approach in Sonoma for Pinot Noir includes some whole cluster and partial carbonic maceration?
A “partial whole-cluster” method for complexity Explanation: Many small producers use it for nuanced Pinot.
Which fine wine grape is widely planted in Carneros for both still and sparkling?
Pinot Noir Explanation: Adaptable to both wine styles in the cool climate.
Which mountain AVA’s southwestern reaches in Napa sometimes produce Zinfandel reminiscent of Sonoma’s style?
Mount Veeder AVA Explanation: Some warm corners have older Zin vines dating back decades.
Which county’s sub-AVAs include Dos Rios, Covelo, Redwood Valley, and Potter Valley?
Mendocino County Explanation: Each has a distinct climate and grape focus.
Which massive AVA does Carneros partially fall under despite straddling Napa and Sonoma?
North Coast AVA Explanation: It covers all key counties in that region.
Which Lake County AVA once sat beneath the waters of Clear Lake, shaping its alluvial soils?
Big Valley District AVA Explanation: The soils are deep and fertile from the ancient lakebed.
Which mountain AVA in Santa Cruz was historically overshadowed by redwoods and Pierce’s disease issues?
Santa Cruz Mountains AVA Explanation: Rugged terrain and forest slowed vineyard expansion.
Which sub-AVA in Sonoma is widely recognized for rocky soils ideal for Cabernet Sauvignon, with wines akin to Napa?
Knights Valley AVA Explanation: Wines can resemble Napa’s style and body.
Which American Viticultural Area includes Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma, and Solano?
North Coast AVA Explanation: A broad classification for multi-county blends.
Which geographic feature helps Lodi remain cooler than much of the Central Valley?
A gap in the coastal range near the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Explanation: Draws in cooler maritime air.
Which institution do many blame for the selection of the faulty AXR-1 rootstock in Napa?
UC–Davis Explanation: Their endorsement led to widespread planting of that rootstock.
Which Napa sub-AVA is famous for being the site of the 1976 Judgment of Paris Chardonnay winner?
Calistoga AVA (Chateau Montelena) Explanation: The 1973 Montelena Chardonnay was from a vineyard near Calistoga.
Which oldest operating winery in California was founded in Sonoma Valley in 1857?
Buena Vista Winery Explanation: Agoston Haraszthy established it.
Which style of red wine historically dominated the Sierra Foothills, made from Zinfandel and mixed blacks?
Hearty, spicy field blends Explanation: They are characteristic of the old gold country plantings.
Which type of soils do hillside vines in Napa typically encounter that can cause erosion concerns?
Thin, rocky soils Explanation: Heavy winter rains can wash topsoil away, exposing bedrock.
Which altitudinal phenomenon explains why high-elevation vineyards in Sonoma can be warmer than the valley floor at night?
Inversion layer Explanation: Cold air settles below, leaving upper slopes warmer at night.
Which AVA bridging Napa and Sonoma was among the earliest recognized in 1983?
Los Carneros AVA Explanation: Approved the same year as Howell Mountain.
Which region in Napa was historically known for large ranches and orchard land before vineyards took over in the 1970s?
Carneros Explanation: Sheep (carneros) and farmland preceded modern viticulture.
Which county north of Napa remains less expensive for vineyard land, attracting young or renegade winemakers?
Mendocino County Explanation: Anderson Valley’s rising star draws new producers.
Which southwestern sub-zone of Russian River Valley is the coldest, added to the AVA in 2003?
Sebastopol Hills Explanation: Fog retains, producing leaner Pinot Noir.
Which county houses one of the largest US wine distribution ports in the city of Richmond?
Contra Costa County is east of Berkeley, not in the user text. (No direct mention in text.) Explanation: Not specified.
Which mountain chain forms the border between Sonoma County and the Pacific Ocean?
The Coast Ranges Explanation: They create ridges and valleys hugging the coastline.
Which clone of Zinfandel is known to have originated from old vine selections in the Sierra Foothills?
Deaver or DuPratt clones Explanation: They come from heritage vineyards, but not specifically stated in text.
Which region had an influx of large-scale wineries in the 1980s, boosting Cabernet Sauvignon production?
Paso Robles AVA Explanation: Major brands moved in and planted extensively.
Which is the only AVA in California named after a meteorological phenomenon channeling wind?
Petaluma Gap AVA Explanation: Defined by wind funneling from the Pacific to San Pablo Bay.
Which wine region in Mendocino focuses on Chardonnay and Pinot Noir for sparkling wine, following Roederer’s lead?
Anderson Valley AVA Explanation: Its cool climate suits quality sparkling production.
Which style is typical of Santa Lucia Highlands Pinot Noir in Monterey County?
Ripe, concentrated fruit with balanced acidity Explanation: Garys’ Vineyard exemplifies this profile.
Which final established sub-AVA in Napa recognized in 2011 was historically overshadowed by orchard and farmland?
Coombsville AVA Explanation: Predominantly known for quiet farmland until official AVA status.
Which sub-AVA of the Santa Ynez Valley is known for premium Syrah in Santa Barbara County?
Ballard Canyon AVA Explanation: A recognized hub for high-quality Syrah.
Which popular series of single-vineyard designates in Russian River introduced an allocation model for Pinot?
Kosta Browne’s lineup Explanation: The brand grew famous for mailing-list releases.
Which large, all-encompassing AVA allows blending from any California region for a labeled origin?
California AVA (statewide) Explanation: A legal classification for multi-regional blends.
Which windy corridor in southwestern Sonoma influences cooler Pinot Noir in Sebastopol Hills?
Petaluma Gap Explanation: Fog arrives from the Pacific through that gap into southwestern Sonoma.
Which region in Sonoma is home to old vine Zinfandel and orchard land near the Russian River?
Healdsburg’s outskirts in the Russian River Valley or Dry Creek Valley Explanation: Both have heritage Zinfandel blocks.
Which variety dominates Mendocino Ridge AVA vineyards above the fog line?
Zinfandel Explanation: It thrives in the higher elevation sunshine.
Which southeastern Napa AVA is known for layered volcanic soils in Pritchard Hill?
Atlas Peak AVA Explanation: The area includes the Foss Valley region near Stagecoach Vineyard.
Which dryness classification do most Central Valley wines fall under, given high yields and warm conditions?
Often off-dry or semi-sweet, though not mandated Explanation: Bulk wines can be lightly sweet for approachability.
Which early vintage of Ridge Monte Bello used the vineyard designation, paving the way for single-site marketing?
1962 or 1964 (not in user text) Explanation: Historically, Ridge pioneered vineyard designations in California.
Which style of AVA classification does not exist in the United States, contrasting the European system?
Quality tiers with strict production rules Explanation: US AVAs only define geographic boundaries without further regulation.
Which microclimatic advantage does high-elevation Lake County vineyards enjoy despite hot summers?
Significant diurnal cooling and lake effect moderation Explanation: Helps preserve acidity in grapes.
Which southwestern edges of the Sonoma Coast AVA produce some of the boldest Pinot Noir due to less fog infiltration?
The inland areas above the fog line Explanation: Warmer sites can yield richer, more concentrated Pinot.
Which mountainous expanse in Santa Barbara contains AVAs like Sta. Rita Hills and Happy Canyon?
The transverse Santa Ynez Mountains Explanation: They run east-west, shaping the valleys below.
Which requirement must a US wine labeled by county meet regarding grape sourcing?
At least 75% of the grapes must come from that county Explanation: TTB standard for county-level origin labeling.
Which mountain or hillside AVA in Sonoma has historically been overshadowed by the more famous Napa side?
Moon Mountain District, facing Mount Veeder Explanation: It’s on the Sonoma side of the Mayacamas range.
Which wide valley area in Mendocino is hot enough for Bordeaux grapes like Cabernet, near Ukiah?
The eastern flank of Mendocino AVA along the Russian River Explanation: Warmer inland climate suits Bordeaux varieties.
Which mountain AVA in Napa forms the western border with Sonoma, featuring older estates like Mayacamas?
Mount Veeder AVA Explanation: Characterized by steep, rugged slopes and cooler mountain climate.
Which large southwestern region covers the counties from LA to San Diego, historically overshadowed by the north?
South Coast AVA Explanation: Once famous in the 19th century, now overshadowed by other CA regions.
Which sub-AVA in Napa was expanded to allow S.L.V. and Fay Vineyards in the official boundary?
Stags Leap District AVA Explanation: The TTB included extended sections beyond the original proposal.
Which county is credited with the earliest large-scale planting of Cabernet Sauvignon in California, pre-Prohibition?
Napa County Explanation: George C. Yount and others introduced it in the 19th century.
Which high-elevation sub-AVA near Mendocino’s southern border extends into Sonoma County?
Pine Mountain–Cloverdale Peak AVA Explanation: Shared by both counties above 1,600 feet.
Which region in Santa Barbara has the longest growing season in California, allowing extended hang time?
Santa Maria Valley AVA Explanation: Fog-laden, east-west corridor extends ripening.
Which county in California requires listing its name on labels from Napa since 1989?
Napa County Explanation: Conjunctive labeling for “Napa Valley” on sub-AVA wines.
Which AVA is the largest in Mendocino, forming a ‘V’ shape, with multiple sub-AVAs inside?
Mendocino AVA Explanation: Covers southwestern and southeastern sections of the county.
Which Redwood Valley pioneer turned to organic farming, setting a standard in the 1970s?
Barney Fetzer Explanation: Fetzer Vineyards championed early organic practices.
Which nested Sonoma AVA has altitudes up to 2,400 feet and focuses on Cabernet Sauvignon?
Sonoma Mountain AVA Explanation: Receives more sun on its east-facing slopes.
Which area near Santa Rosa Plain is historically recognized for older Zinfandel, with vineyards along Olivet Road?
The Santa Rosa Plains neighborhood of the Russian River Valley Explanation: Known for heritage Zinfandel blocks.
Which waterway flows through the Russian River Valley, influencing its alluvial soils?
The Russian River Explanation: It carved out fertile benches and floodplains.
Which Napa sub-AVA with diverse soils and microclimates includes the Star Vineyard for Chardonnay?
Rutherford AVA Explanation: Star Vineyard is known for quality Chardonnay amid Cabernet plantings.
Which marketing technique was used by Robert Mondavi to highlight site specificity in Napa?
Single-vineyard designations Explanation: He popularized naming vineyards like To-Kalon.
Which older style of viticulture in Napa featured wide spacing and bush-like canopies?
California sprawl Explanation: It preceded the adoption of drip irrigation and VSP trellising.
Which cross-county AVA in Sonoma and Napa also forms part of the larger North Coast AVA?
Los Carneros AVA Explanation: Known for cool climate wines and sparkling production.
Which technique helps measure growing season heat accumulation used in California wine regions?
The Winkler Index (heat summation) Explanation: It classifies regions from I to V.
Which university agricultural station played a key role in distributing the Wente Chardonnay clone?
UC–Davis Explanation: It heat-treated and selected budwood from Wente for broad use.
Which mountainous Redwood region in Mendocino, historically used for logging, has gained acclaim for Syrah?
Yorkville Highlands AVA Explanation: High elevation and rocky soils yield notable Syrah.
Which area in Santa Barbara’s Santa Ynez Valley was renamed to avoid confusion with a Chilean producer?
Sta. Rita Hills AVA Explanation: Formerly Santa Rita Hills.
Which broad AVA covers Napa, Sonoma, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, and Solano counties, used for multi-county blends?
North Coast AVA Explanation: A catch-all for wines blended across these counties.
Which old vine variety in Napa was preserved partly by White Zinfandel’s popularity?
Zinfandel Explanation: Growers continued to sell to White Zinfandel producers instead of replanting.
Which sub-AVA in the Russian River Valley is recognized for thicker morning fog and slightly warmer afternoons?
Laguna Ridge Explanation: Part of the neighborhood initiative by the Russian River Valley Winegrowers.
Which Napa sub-AVA is prized for Cabernet from the southwestern bench, near dominus?
Yountville AVA Explanation: The southwestern bench features famed vineyards with cooler influence.
Which mountain range in Santa Cruz County includes Chalone and Mount Harlan sub-AVAs?
The Gabilan Range Explanation: Shared with San Benito County, known for limestone soils.
Which factor in Monterey ensures summer daytime highs remain moderate and nights cool?
Cold Pacific currents along Monterey Bay Explanation: They bring fog and wind into the Salinas Valley.
Which sub-AVA of the Santa Lucia Highlands is known for Garys’ Vineyard and Pinot Noir acclaim?
Santa Lucia Highlands AVA Explanation: Gary Pisoni and Gary Franscioni developed Garys’ Vineyard.
Which southwestern slope in Carneros is often chosen for top-tier Merlot in the AVA?
Clay-based parcels near the Napa-Sonoma line Explanation: Heavier soils suit Merlot well.
Which eastern AVA in Sonoma County overlies the Mayacamas and includes the iconic Monte Rosso site?
Moon Mountain District AVA Explanation: Named for its lunar-like rocky outcrops.
Which Sierra Foothills AVA includes sub-AVAs like Fair Play and Fiddletown?
El Dorado County portion of the Sierra Foothills Explanation: Known for Zinfandel and Rhône varieties.
Which pioneer of American Sparkling wine set up in Carneros in 1981, highlighting the region’s suitability?
Domaine Carneros by Taittinger Explanation: Followed by other Champagne houses in the region.
Which southwestern Sonoma AVA drains directly into San Pablo Bay and includes windy farmland?
Los Carneros AVA portion in Sonoma Explanation: The AVA extends from Napa to Sonoma’s southern edge.
Which major shift in vineyard trellising accompanied drip irrigation technology in the 1970s–1980s?
From head-trained sprawl to vertically shoot-positioned rows Explanation: Mechanization and sun exposure were prime motivations.
Which regulatory body oversees AVA establishment and wine labeling rules in the US?
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) Explanation: Formerly under the ATF.
Which new clone of Sauvignon Blanc with more aromatic traits is increasingly planted in Sonoma?
Sauvignon Musqué Explanation: It often yields more floral, tropical flavors.
Which northwestern extension of Mendocino has redwood forests, minimal viticulture, and cooler coastal weather?
The coastal zone outside Anderson Valley Explanation: Lacks widespread commercial vineyards due to cold, damp conditions.
Which side of the Napa Valley is generally cooler due to the morning sun hitting the eastern slope first?
The western side near the Mayacamas Explanation: It sees less intense afternoon sun, retaining some coolness.
Which dryness level do many high-volume Central Valley wines target for broad consumer appeal?
Off-dry or lightly sweet Explanation: Encourages easy drinking style for large markets.
Which cross-county AVA was established in 1983 for cooler climate grapes like Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Los Carneros AVA Explanation: Shared by Napa and Sonoma, recognized simultaneously with Howell Mountain.
Which production factor in the 1980s ‘food wines’ movement in Napa led to some overly tart, stripped wines?
Excessive acidification and heavy filtration Explanation: Combined with earlier picking to reduce alcohol.
Which site in Napa is recognized for the oldest producing Cabernet Sauvignon vines in California, planted 1940?
Monte Rosso Vineyard in Sonoma is older, so for Napa it’s the ‘Martha’s or Caldwell?’ Not explicitly stated. Explanation: Not clearly identified in text.
Which famous vineyard in Oakville produces fruit for both Opus One and Robert Mondavi Reserve wines?
To-Kalon Vineyard Explanation: Shared among Mondavi, Opus One, and some independent growers.
Which mountainous pass in the northern Mayacamas allows some fog into Calistoga?
Chalk Hill Gap Explanation: Contributes modest cooling to that area.
Which brand championed old vine field blends in Sonoma, launching multiple single-vineyard Zinfandels?
Ravenswood (Joel Peterson) Explanation: Known for a wide array of vineyard-designate Zins.
Which historical brand in Yountville was started by John C. Sullenger in the mid-19th century?
(No direct mention in text) Explanation: The text does not specify Sullenger’s brand.
Which region in Sonoma draws tourists for apple orchards as well as Pinot Noir?
Sebastopol in the Russian River Valley Explanation: Once an apple region, now also Pinot country.
Which Lake County AVA near Mount Konocti has iron-rich soils that appear red from oxidized volcanic matter?
Red Hills AVA Explanation: Named after its distinct soil color.
Which southwestern Napa area was historically farmland for orchard fruits, overshadowed by Carneros?
Coombsville Explanation: Former orchard land prior to its AVA recognition.
Which marketing name for Napa Valley’s benchland from Rutherford to Calistoga highlights famous Cabernet sites?
The ‘Rutherford Bench’ or ‘Oakville Bench’ (no official AVA name) Explanation: Often used informally for premium vineyards.
Which AVA in San Luis Obispo County is recognized for its cooler climate near Morro Bay?
Edna Valley AVA Explanation: Morning fog and maritime breezes suit Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.
Which AVA in Sonoma extends from the Geyserville area to Cloverdale, historically known for prunes post-Prohibition?
Alexander Valley AVA Explanation: Cyrus Alexander’s land grant spurred vineyard planting.
Which southern sub-region of the Russian River Valley is referred to for extra-cool Pinot, added in 2003?
Sebastopol Hills Explanation: Fog intensity shapes a high-acid Pinot style.
Which second-generation rootstock replaced AXR-1 in much of Napa after phylloxera’s resurgence?
St. George or other hybrid rootstocks Explanation: Many growers switched to safer options like 110R, 3309, or 101-14.
Which Spanish terms remain from early California missions that spread viticulture from Mexico northward?
Misión grape (Listán Prieto) Explanation: Planted in early missions, though overshadowed by modern Vitis vinifera.
Which sub-AVA within Santa Ynez Valley was recognized for cooler climate Pinot and Chardonnay near Lompoc?
Sta. Rita Hills AVA Explanation: Strong maritime influence from the Pacific.
Which marketing phenomenon in the 1970s–1980s for pink wine saved significant Zinfandel acreage?
White Zinfandel craze Explanation: Demand for blush wine supported older vines.
Which new region in the Gabilan Mountains, established 2022, links two historical AVAs known for Pinot Noir?
Gabilan Mountains AVA Explanation: Overarching Mount Harlan and Chalone AVAs.
Which historically Italian-populated region in Sonoma saw Barbera and Sangiovese planted post-gold rush?
Dry Creek Valley Explanation: Many immigrants from Italy introduced these varieties.
Which southern portion of Sonoma Valley includes the mission founded by Spanish Franciscan priests?
The area near the city of Sonoma Explanation: Site of Mission San Francisco Solano in 1823.
Which famous American writer, associated with Glen Ellen, wrote about Sonoma in ‘Valley of the Moon’?
Jack London Explanation: His ranch was in Glen Ellen, within Sonoma Valley.
Which factor in Napa’s climate ensures little to no rainfall during the key ripening months?
Mediterranean climate Explanation: Dry, hot summers typically see minimal precipitation.
Which southwestern county border of Sonoma is lined by the Pacific, creating extremely cool, foggy vineyards?
The West Sonoma Coast Explanation: Vineyards near Fort Ross–Seaview and Annapolis areas.
Which extensive canyon region in Monterey funnels fog into the Salinas Valley, lengthening the season?
Monterey Submarine Canyon (Blue Grand Canyon) Explanation: Deep nearshore canyon intensifies ocean upwelling.
Which Bordeaux variety emerges in both Napa and Sonoma blends as a ‘Right Bank’ style partner to Cabernet?
Merlot Explanation: Often blended or bottled alone in cooler pockets.
Which red grape variety in Lodi is particularly revered for old vine examples, including Mokelumne River sites?
Zinfandel Explanation: Old vine Zin thrives in Lodi’s sub-AVAs.
Which dryness classification do typical premium wines from Napa and Sonoma fall under?
Dry Explanation: Most are dry table wines with < 4 g/L RS, though exceptions exist.
Which is the largest AVA in Sonoma, often criticized for spanning far inland and not strictly coastal?
Sonoma Coast AVA Explanation: Extended boundaries lead to variation from true coast to warmer interior.
Which esteemed single-vineyard in Dry Creek Valley is known as Jackass Hill for its steepness and old Zin vines?
Martinelli’s Jackass Hill Vineyard Explanation: Iconic for its dangerously steep slopes.
Which French house set up shop in Carneros for sparkling wine, naming it after the region?
Domaine Carneros by Taittinger Explanation: Founded in the early 1980s.
Which factor in Carneros soils helps produce structured Pinot Noir with thicker skins?
Shallow clay layers and windy conditions Explanation: Grapes develop thicker skins from wind stress.
Which AVA to the east of St. Helena includes a ridgeline known as Spring Valley near Joseph Phelps?
St. Helena AVA Explanation: Foothills approach Howell Mountain, and some properties are in that transition zone.
Which Santa Barbara sub-AVA includes Alisos Canyon, recognized in 2020 for Rhône varietals?
It’s its own AVA, not a sub-AVA of Santa Ynez or Santa Maria. Explanation: Alisos Canyon stands alone.
Which climatic zone classification do the warmest parts of the Central Valley typically fall under?
Region V on the Winkler Scale Explanation: Suitable mostly for table grapes, raisins, or fortified wines.
Which dryness level do sparkling wines from Carneros typically aim for?
Brut or extra brut Explanation: Traditional method producers typically target a crisp, dry style.
Which brand gained a 100-point score from Antonio Galloni for a mid-range Syrah from Sonoma-Hillsides?
Pax Mahle Wines Explanation: They champion site-specific, minimal-intervention Syrah.
Which sub-AVA of the Santa Cruz Mountains saw vineyards decimated by Pierce’s disease at Bonny Doon?
Ben Lomond Mountain AVA Explanation: Randall Grahm lost his original estate vineyard there.
Which official date marks the introduction of Sonoma County’s conjunctive labeling law?
January 1, 2011 Explanation: From that date onward, all labels must read ‘Sonoma County.’
Which historically orchard-focused region near Sebastopol has become prime real estate for Pinot Noir?
Sebastopol Hills in the Russian River Valley Explanation: Apple orchards were replaced by vineyards.
Which style best describes Zinfandel from rockier, elevated vineyards like Rockpile in Sonoma?
Deeply colored, full-bodied, bold Explanation: Elevation and intensity lead to very concentrated wines.
Which phenomenon sees the reverse temperature gradient in Napa, cooler in the south and hotter in the north?
Proximity to the San Pablo Bay Explanation: Southern AVAs get more fog and breezes, lowering temperatures.
Which Redwood Valley brand drew attention to high-altitude Petite Sirah in Mendocino?
Parducci Wine Cellars Explanation: Known for robust Petite Sirah historically.
Which large area recognized as an AVA in the Sierra Foothills includes sub-AVAs like Fiddletown and El Dorado?
Sierra Foothills AVA Explanation: A broad region with multiple smaller designations.
Which leading variety in the Sta. Rita Hills AVA is known for concentrated red-fruited Pinot Noir?
Pinot Noir Explanation: The strong maritime influence shapes robust acid and fruit concentration.
Which AVA in Napa is widely recognized for supportive soils for white varieties like Sauvignon Blanc?
Oakville has top Cab, Rutherford is Cab, Yountville is Merlot. Likely Oak Knoll District. Explanation: Oak Knoll fosters crisp whites near the river.
Which phenomenon encourages wide diurnal ranges in Paso Robles, especially in western sub-AVAs?
Cool air from the Templeton Gap Explanation: Marine air flows inland from the Pacific through that break.
Which variety championed by Gary Eberle was the first Syrah planted commercially in California?
Syrah in Paso Robles Explanation: He introduced it in the region.
Which region in Lake County was established with no planted vineyards?
Benmore Valley AVA Explanation: As of its designation, it had zero vines.
Which oldest winery in Lake County is located in Guenoc Valley, tracing back to Lillie Langtry?
Langtry Estate & Vineyards Explanation: The sole winery in that sub-AVA.
Which dryness level do many old vine Zinfandels from Lodi or Dry Creek typically fall under?
Dry Explanation: Although they can be fruit-forward, they are vinified dry with higher ABV.
Which phenomenon in Santa Barbara lengthens hang time for Pinot Noir?
East-west orientation of valleys Explanation: Fog and wind extend the ripening season significantly.
Which pivot from orchard to vineyard also occurred in Washington’s Yakima Valley, not in user text?
Not referenced in the text Explanation: We only focus on California references.
Which major climate factor do Redwood Valley and Potter Valley share in Mendocino?
They both experience marine air funneling through breaks in the mountains Explanation: Redwood Valley is slightly warmer, Potter is higher and cooler.
Which southern district in Lodi is known for deep sandy loam called Tokay series?
Mokelumne River AVA Explanation: Home to many old vine Zinfandels.
Which dryness classification do Redwood Valley Zinfandels typically exhibit?
Dry Explanation: They are robust, spicy wines, not usually sweet.
Which topographical shape describes the Anderson Valley’s layout along the Navarro River?
A narrow funnel from northwest to southeast Explanation: Fog and ocean air flow inland through it.
Which southwestern sub-AVA of the Russian River Valley is the coldest, newly recognized as a ‘neighborhood’?
Sebastopol Hills Explanation: Extended from 2003 annexation, famously chilly for Pinot Noir.
Which dryness classification do most higher-end Pinot Noir wines from Sonoma or Anderson Valley follow?
Dry Explanation: Premium new world Pinot is typically finished dry with moderate acidity.
Which southwestern area of the Russian River Valley is known for Iron Horse’s sparkling wine?
Green Valley AVA Explanation: Iron Horse is one of the early American-owned sparkling houses.
Which unique labeling does Napa require for any sub-AVA wine?
Must also list Napa Valley on the label Explanation: Conjunctive labeling for brand identity.
Which dryness classification is typical for Santa Barbara Syrah produced in cool microclimates like Ballard Canyon?
Dry Explanation: Often structured and savory, but fermented to dryness.
Which broad classification can a wine use if it draws grapes from multiple counties within the Central Coast?
Central Coast AVA Explanation: A blending option for multi-county fruit.
Which dryness classification do many mid-priced Central Coast Chardonnays target for broad popularity?
Off-dry or lightly sweet Explanation: Often mass-market styles lean slightly sweet and full-bodied.
Which Santa Maria vineyard famously provided grapes to many top Pinot producers, becoming an iconic site?
Bien Nacido Vineyard Explanation: Established in the 1970s, fueling the region’s Pinot popularity.
Which dryness level do Meritage blends in California typically aim for?
Dry Explanation: They mimic Bordeaux in dryness and style.
Which term is used for the series of smaller AVAs in Napa situated above 1,400 feet, like Howell and Spring?
Mountain AVAs Explanation: They occupy the higher elevations on the Mayacamas or Vaca sides.
Which dryness classification do the majority of California’s top-tier Cabernet Sauvignons follow?
Dry Explanation: Typically under 3-4 g/L residual sugar, focusing on structure and body.
Which event in 1976 catapulted Napa’s reputation for world-class wines?
The Judgment of Paris tasting Explanation: Chateau Montelena Chardonnay and Stag’s Leap Cabernet outperformed French classics.
Which dryness classification do White Zinfandel wines generally have?
Off-dry to sweet Explanation: Typically a sweet blush style.
Which dryness classification do Pink Moscato or Rosé blends from Central Valley mega-producers often have?
Sweet or semi-sweet Explanation: These are popular mass-market styles.
Which region in Mendocino is particularly known for its Alsatian varieties, including Riesling and Gewürztraminer?
Anderson Valley AVA Explanation: Its cool climate suits aromatic whites.
Which dryness classification do Carneros sparkling wines typically aim for?
Brut Explanation: Crisp style with dosage under 12 g/L sugar.
Which dryness classification is typical of the top Chardonnays from Carneros and Russian River?
Dry Explanation: Oak influences can give richness, but sugar is fermented out.
Which dryness classification is typical of California’s higher-end Pinot Noir from Sonoma and Santa Barbara?
Dry Explanation: They aim for complexity and food-friendly structure.
Which dryness classification do typical top-tier Napa Cabernets maintain?
Dry Explanation: Full-bodied with minimal residual sugar.
Which dryness classification is typical of a premium Merlot in both Napa and Sonoma?
Dry Explanation: Showcasing fruit, oak, and varietal character without sweetness.
