Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

6th Year Surgery MJ > urology + vascular > Flashcards

urology + vascular Flashcards

1
Q

what is imp to exclude before doing a circumcsiion

A

hypospadias

-as the foreskin may be used in the surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

medical indications for circumcision

A
  • phimosis
  • recurrent balanitis
  • balanitis xerotica obliterans
  • paraphimosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most imp RF for TCC of bladder

A

smoking - 3x more likely than non smokers

-account for 50% cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

AAA screening outcomes

A

<3cm - normal - no more Ix
3-4.4cm - small aneurysm. rescan every 12m
4.5-5.4cm - medium aneurysm - rescan every 3m
>5.5cm - large aneurysm - refer within 2w to vascular surgery for probably intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how to differentiate T.Torsion vs epididymitis by Prehn’s sign

A

PREHN’S SIGN = elevation of testis

  • does NOT ease pain= TESTICULAR TORSION
  • does ease pain = EPIDYDIMITIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CONSERVATIVE peripheral arterial disease Mx

A

CONSERVATIVE:

  • stop SMOKING
  • treat CO-MORBIDITES: HTN, DM, Obesity
  • take ATORVASTATIN 80mg + CLOPI
  • EXERCISE training (supervised)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SEVERE Peripheral arterial disease or CLI Mx

A

ENDOVASCULAR REVASCULARISATION:

  • percutaenous transluminal ANGIOPLASTY +/- stent placement
  • ENDOVASC techniques are typically used for short segment stenosis (e.g. < 10 cm), aortic iliac disease and high-risk patients

SURGICAL REVASCULARISATION

  • surgical BYPASS with an autologous vein or prosthetic material
  • ENDARTERECTOMY
  • open surgical techniques are typically used for long segment lesions (> 10 cm), multifocal lesions, lesions of the common femoral artery and purely infrapopliteal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Drugs licensed for use in PAD

A

naftidrofuryl oxalate - VASODILATOR - used for pts with poor QoL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how to prevent calcium renal stones due to hypercalciuria , found in up to 5-10% of population

A
  • high fluid intake
  • low animal protein, low salt diet (low caclium diet not superior to normocalcaemic diet)
  • THIAZIDE DIURETICS (incr dital tubular caclium resorption)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how to prevent oxalate renal stones

A
  • cholestyramine reduces urinary oxalate secretion

- pyridoxine reduces urinary oxalate secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how to prevent uric acid stones

A

allopurinol

urinary alkalinsation eg oral bicarb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prostatitis mx

A

quinolone eg ciprofloxacin for 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens to creamasteric reflex in test torsion of spermatic cord

A

usu absent

- it is preserved if torsion affects appendage only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

prostate cancer 1st line Ix

A

multiparametric MRI

replaced TRUS biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

erectile dysfunction define

A

persistent inability to attain + maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance
-sx not a disease + causes split into organic, psychogenic + mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

erectile dysfunction psychogenic causes

A
  • -Sudden onset.
  • Early collapse of erection.
  • Self-stimulated or waking erections.
  • Premature ejaculation or inability to ejaculate.
  • Problems or changes in a relationship.
  • Major life events.
  • Psychological problems.
17
Q

erectile dysfunction organic causes

A
  • Gradual onset.
  • Normal ejaculation.
  • Normal libido (except hypogonadal men).
  • Risk factors in medical history (cardiovascular, endocrine or neurological).
  • Operations, radiotherapy, or trauma to the pelvis or scrotum.
  • A current drug recognised as associated with ED.
  • Smoking, high alcohol consumption, use of recreational or bodybuilding drugs.
18
Q

complications of TURP

A

TURP syndrome
Urethral stricture/UTI
Retrograde ejaculation
Perforation of the prostate

19
Q

TURP syndrome triad + causes

A
  1. HYPONATRAEMIA (DILUTIONAL)
  2. FLUID OVERLOAD
  3. GLYCINE TOXICITY
    - broken down in liver to ammonia –> hyperammonia + visual disturbances

Cause: occurs when irrigation fluid (glycine = hyperosmolar) enters the systemic circulation

Mx = fluid restrict + tx complications assoc with hyponatraemia

20
Q

what can varicocele + weight loss + anaemia indicate

A

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

- varicocele can be sign of malignancy due to COMPRESSION OF RENAL VEIN between ABDOM AORTA + SMV = nutcracker angle

21
Q

what systems for classification of PAD

A

Fontaine + Rutherford

22
Q

what do Fontaine III + IV pertain to

A

CLI
III - rest pain
IV - ulceration or gangrene

23
Q

what does non symptomatic mx of ICLaud focus on

A 
RF modification =
CONSERVATIVE
-QUIT smoking 
-W Loss 
-Exercise Training programme
-Foot care
MEDICAL
-statins 80mg atorva
-antiplatelets 75mg clopi
-NOT ASPIRIN
24
Q

What are some indications for an amputation

A

DEAD - ALI, Thrombangiitis obliterans
DANGEROUS - NF, malignancy, sepsis
DAMAGED - trauma, burns, frostbite
DAMNED NUISANCE - pain, neurological damage

25
Q

difference between just a PULSATILE abdominal mass vs PULSATILE + EXPANSILE mass

A

PULSATILE - pancreatic mass or lymphadenopathy or rare mass can be pulsatile as it overlies the aorta
P+E = ONLY ever AAA

6th Year Surgery MJ (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions