Urology

Question 1

LUTS - History

Answer 1

Constipation 
Caffiene intake 
Polyuria/dipsia 
Haematuria 
Dysuria 

Slow stream /dribbling 
Hesitancy 
Nocturia 
Daytime frequency 
Urgency 
Incomplete emptying 

Weight loss
Impact on quality of life

Family history of prostate cancer

Smoking history

Question 2

LUTS - Differential Diagnoses

Answer 2

Benign Prostate Hypertrophy 
Prostate Cancer 
Overactive bladder 
Urinary Tract Infection 
Interstitial Cystitis 
Transition cell carcinoma bladder 
Urethral stricture 
Constipation 
Diabetes

Question 3

LUTS - Physical Examination

Answer 3

Abdominal exam for bladder size
External genital examination
Digital rectal examination
Neurological examination perineum

Question 4

Haematuria - Differential diagnoses

Answer 4

Exercise induced 
Urinary tract infection 
Polycystic kidney disease 
Trauma 
IGA nephropathy 
Nephrolithiasis 
Angiomyolipoma 
Bladder cancer/Renal cell carcinoma 
Menstruation

Question 5

Male infertility history

Answer 5

Ever fathered a child before 
Testicular chemo/radiation 
Cryptorchidism 
Pelvic surgery 
Prolactinoma - galactorrhea 
Erection problems 
STIs - discharge 
Exogenous testosterone 
Fix infertility 
Micropenis 
Occupational exposure to head 
Previous genital trauma