Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lectures final revision > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

oscopy

octopy

meaning

A

exam

remove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Important Hx Quesitons

A

Haematuria, flow, dysuria, incontinence
Smoker
Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Haematuria - frank painless

A

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

causes of Haematuria

A 
Cancer
UTI
Stones
Prostitis
Kidney Disease
Cyclophosphamide
Beetroot
Strenuous Exercise (dehydrated, bladder wall friction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when is 2 week referral used for haematuria?

A

all frank
persistant + dysuria
Micro/Macrohaematuria + LUT symptoms
Female retention with pain and haematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CT urogram

when do image relative to contrast

A

before and after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aim of CT urogram

thickness of slices

A

see urothelial filling defects

ureters shouldn’t be seen unless there is a problem

4mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CT KUB

thickness and aim

A

diagnose stones as bright white

2.5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Triple phase CT

A
  1. No contrast - look for fat in angiolipoma
  2. Contrast enhancement - arterial phase
  3. Venous phase - look for invasion of renal vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In reporting CTs what to comment on

A 
Location
Size
Vein involvement
Lymph node and mets
State of other kidney (very important)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DMSA

A

Nuclear scan in order to differentiate function of R and L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When to perform a Cystoscopy?

A 
Smokers
Occupational exposure
Persistent dysuria
Pelvic radiotherapy
cyclophosphamide
Phenacitin abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TCC incidence

A

12700 new/year
4th commonest cancer in males in Uk
Peak incidence 6th 7th decade (younger in easter europeans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aetiology of TCC

A

Smoking and Anilin dyes
rubber, textiles, leather
petroleum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mx of TCC

A

Transurethral Resection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Hexfix cytoscopy

A

add chemical into bladder with blue and red light from camera - shows up abnormal cells better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Staging of TCC

A 
C in situ
Ta - into mucosa
T1 - lamina propria
T2 - musculoris propria
T3 - perivascular fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Radical cystectomy

A

30 d mortality of 1-2% or 4.5% if elderly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Upper tract division

A

Men - everything in pelvis

Woman - bladder, uterus, ovaries, tubes, top of vagina and lymph nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is renal caner normally found?

A

Incidental finding on US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If symptomatic in renal cancer - what triad cna you expect?

A

Haematuria, loin pain, palpable mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

With renal cancer - what is the significance of haematuria?

A

Shows invasion to collecting system

23
Q

Urinary Tract Stones - types

A

85% calcium oxolate
15% Uric acid - radiolucent
and Struvite stones from infected urine

24
Q

Finding regarding pain in stones

A

Loin to groin and pain out of proportion to clinical findings

25
Q

Pain in tip of penis

A

Stone may be in LUT

26
Q

Rx of stones

A

Cystoscopy + JJ stent
Uretoscopy and laser of stone (if smaller)
Shock wave lithotripsy
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - if stone in collecting duct over 2cm

27
Q

at what size would you expect stones to pass?

A

80% smaller than 5mm will pass naturally.

28
Q

Bladder outflow obstruction in BPH - does size affect voiding?

A

No

29
Q

Why might you get hypertrophied detrussor muscle in BPH?

A

Works harder to overcome the pressure

30
Q

Storage problems - complain of

A

Weak stream, straining and hesitancy

31
Q

Voiding problems - complain of

A

Urgency, frequency, nocturia, incontinence, dribbles

32
Q

Rx of BPH

A

Alpha blocker - tamsulosin

5 alpha reductase inhibitor

33
Q

Action of Tamsulosin

A

Alpha blocker - binds to bladder neck and relaxes

34
Q

Action of 5A reductase inhibitor

A

Shrink prostate over 6-8 months

35
Q

if medical therapy fails in BPH

A

Surgery - transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)

  • Enucleation of prostate
  • Urolift staples
36
Q

Complication of TURP

A

Retrograde ejaculation

37
Q

How long does the bladder take to heal?

A

10 days

38
Q

In DRE - what relation is the finger width to weight

A

one finger width is 10g.

39
Q

How is the flow rate different in BPH

A

peak stream will be much lower and for a greater duration. men may have to sit down to void

40
Q

If Prostate enlarged what tests would be appropriate

A 
PSA
Flow rate
US prostate
MRI if suspected cancer
Bone scan for mets
41
Q

Normal PSA level

A

less than 4

42
Q

Staging of prostate cancer

A

1 and 2 - can’t feel but in one side or both respectively
3 - feel nodule
4 - contiguous and mets

43
Q

Post surgery follow up

A

GP setting - surveillance
Anti- androgens (suppress adrenals)
Radiotherapy
Brachytherapy - radioactive seeds inserted

44
Q

Testicular cancer presentation

A

painless lump in testes

45
Q

double time of testicular cancer

A

10 days

46
Q

Markers for testicular cancer in blood

A

AFP, bHCG and LDH

47
Q

If testicular cancer present what scan should be done

A

CT thorax, abdo and pelvis

48
Q

Operation for testicular cancer

A

Inguinal orchidectomy

49
Q

When are three way catheters used

A

Irrigation often after surgery to prevent clots

50
Q

Who might use a self intermittent urinary catheter

A

MS - detrussor failure, neuropathic failure

Spinal injuries

51
Q

indication for nephrostomy tube vs JJ stent

A

Based on expertise available to perform. JJ stent harder more equipement.

52
Q

What will you see coming out of an ileal conduit?

A

Clear fluid

53
Q

Complications of stoma?

A 
Ischaemic
Stricture
Retract or prolapse
Skin reactions
Parastomal hernia

Lectures final revision (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions