Urology Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of haematuria
A
Local causes (urethra to kidney): trauma, infection (TB, schisto), Malignancy, stones
Renal disease: glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome
systemic causes: bleeding disorders, leukaemias, haemaglobinopathies, sickle cell disease
Pseudohaematuria - beetroot
2
Q
Ix for haematuria
A
Urine dip, MC+S Bloods - FBC, U&Es, clotting screen Imaging - CTKUB, IVU Special - cystoscopy Early morning urine samples for TB cultures
3
Q
Bladder outflow obstruction
A
BPH Prostate cancer Bladder neck obstruction urethral stricture Bladder calculi
4
Q
Obstructive urological symp
A
"HIP" Hesitancy Poor stream Intermittent flow and terminal dribbling Incomplete emptying
5
Q
Irritative urological symp
A
“FUN”
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia
6
Q
Mx of BPH
A
IMPORTANT - Rule out obstruction
Conservative - watch and wait (if asymptomatic)
medical:
- Alpha blockers (tamsulosin, prazosin, alfuzosin)
- 5-alpha-reductase inhibi (fenesteride)
Surgery
- TURP
- microwave therapy, laser, radiofrequency ablation, prostatic stents
