Urology

Question 1

Renal Pelvis is:

Answer 1

Where collecting ducts from nephrons in KD merge and empty into urreter..BL…urethra.

Question 2

GFR

Answer 2

Glomeruler Filtration Rate- plasma delivery to nephron of KD, a measurement of that

Question 3

Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

Answer 3

Rapid decline over hours to days, with retention of waste products. Urine output decreases to <400ml/day.

Question 4

BUN

Answer 4

Blood Urea Nitrogen. A blood test to tell KD health elevated levels mean Hyperkalemia.

Question 5

Hyperkalemia

Answer 5

Elevated potassium levels in blood. An indication of poor KD function. Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia.

Question 6

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

Answer 6

A progressive, irreversible decline in nephron number and function, leading to end stage renal disease, (ESRD) lasting > 3 mo. Usually Dialysis.

Question 7

Main causes of end stage renal disease (ESRD):

Answer 7

1 Diabeties 45%, #2,HBP, #3,Polycystic KD Disease 4%, #4Chronic,Medication/Toxins.

Question 8

Cystitis is a UTI that is confined to the:

Answer 8

Bladder

Question 9

A UTI that involves the KD is called:

Answer 9

Pyelonephritis

Question 10

What is biggest risk factor and presentation of Bladder cancer?

Answer 10

Smoking is biggest risk factor. Hematuria is usual presentation.

Question 11

90 - 95% of tumors arising from KD are due to:

Answer 11

Renal Cell Carcinima

Question 12

What is incomplete descent of testicles (3% in full term males 30% in premature births)

Answer 12

Chryptorchidism

Question 13

What is Testicular Torsion ?

Answer 13

A MEDICAL EMERGENCY! twisted testicle on chord.

Question 14

What % of men report Erectile Disfunction in ages 40-70?

Answer 14

50%

Question 15

What are the main causes of Erectile Dysfunction?

Answer 15

1. Diabetes 35-75%, #2 Low testoserone, #3 Vascular Disease, #4 Emotional, #5.Neurogenetic #6 Medications

Question 16

What are the medications which can cause Erectile Dysfunction?

Answer 16

Beta Blockers, Thiazide Diuretics, Spironolactone, SSRI’s

Question 17

Drug Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 17

Sildinafil, (Viagra) CONTA IND> W?NITROGLYCERINE! Cialis (Contra w/grapefruit?), Yohimbe Herb good for SSRI caused ED.

Question 18

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) effects what % of men over 70?

Answer 18

90%

Question 19

What are the two forms of BPH and who tends to get them?

Answer 19

Younger men get the more virulent form. Older men get slower growing form.

Question 20

What is a blood lab test for BPH and Prostate Cancer?

Answer 20

PSA test (Prostate Specific Antigen)

Question 21

What are S/S of BPH?

Answer 21

Difficulty start/stop flow urine, frequent night urination, diminshed stream, infections, PSA levels over 4.0.

Question 22

Treatment for BPH:

Answer 22

Saw Palmetto, Terazosin,

Question 23

What Herb does the FDA consider unsafe?

Answer 23

Yohembe. It penetrates the CNS and is an alpha blocker, MAOI and calcium blocker and raise BP.