Urology Flashcards
schistosomiasis is what bladder cancer?
SCC of bladder
Renal colic pain mx?
NSAIDS (diclofenac)
second line IV paracetamol
alpha blockers
Ix potential kidney stone?
non contrast CT KUB
size of renal stone which you can let pass itsefl?
5 MM
0.5cm
what is a ureteroscope?
passed retrograde through ureter into renal pelvis
stent left in situ
prevention of stones?
high fluid intake
lemon juice
avoid carbonated drinks
potassium citrate
most common renal stone type?
calcium oxalate
radiolucent stone associated with malignancy?
uric acid
urinary pH is low
purine metabolism
stones common in renal tubular acidosis ?
calcium phosphate
radio lucent stones?
uric
what is orchidectomy?
resection of testicles - removal
testicular tumour
orchidopexy?
mx for testicular torsion
mx of stone >20mm
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
when does NICE recommend alpha blockers in renal stone management?
> 10mm in size
tamsulosin and shockwave lithotripsy
why are alpha blockers indicated?
relax smooth muscle within the ureters
mx of RCC?
T1
partial nephrectomy - <7cm and confined to kidney
does radiotherapy or chemo play a part in RCC?
no considered resistant
torsion of testicular appendage
less severe and cremasteric reflex is present
why does potassium citrate work?
alkaline salt
inhibits fomration of crystals
RCC biomarkers?
elevated platelets and EPO and haematocrit
mild varicocele mx?
reassure and observe
’ enlargement of testicular veins’
left side
doppler studies
first line imaging in suspected prostate cancer?
MRI prostate
what can commonly occur after an acute urinary retention?
AKI
staghorn stone management?
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
worried about renal cancer due to left varicocele?
2WW USS of renal tract
ongoing loin pain
haematuria
pyrexia of unknown origin
> ?
RCC query
2ww
what is turp syndrome?
irrigation with glycine during TURP
CNS, respiratory and systemic
hypo osmolar
= hyponatraemia
male infertility is associated with?
varicoceles
