Urology Flashcards
What is Cystinurua?
Autosomal recessive condition where someone is predisposed to renal stones composed of cystine. Features include recurrent kidney stones throughout childhood
What is the treatment that helps with cystine kidney stones?
Penicillamine
What is Priapism?
Persistent painful erections lasting longer than 4 hours.
Sickle cell disease is a risk factor
What can falsely raise a PSA test?
An active UTI of previous in last 6 weeks
Ejaculation in last 48 hours
Vigorously exercise
Urological intervention in last 6 weeks
What could a left sided varicocele indicate?
Renal cáncer
What is the first line treatment for urge incontinence?
Bladder training
What is a key investigation for diagnosis of bladder cancer?
Flexible cystoscopy
Can visualise bladder lining
Can take biopsies for histological diagnosis
What is the first line analgesic in renal colic?
IM/PR Diclofenac
Which infection predisposes to staghorn calculi?
Proteus Mirabilis
Which antibiotic is recommended for pregnant women with UTIs who are close to term?
Cefalexin
Who should Nitrofurantoin be avoided in?
Those with a renal function eGFR below 45
Decreased efficacy
Where does prostate cancer usually occur?
Peripheral zone
Where does BPH usually occur?
Transitional zone
How does Goserelin work?
Gonodotrophin releasing hormone agonist
GnRH is secreted intermittently.
What this drug does is increase GnRH secretion leading to continual secretion and subsequently disrupts the hormonal axis.
The end result is reduced secretion of testosterone which reduces growth of the prostate tumour
Which tumour marker is normally raised in non-seminoma germ cell tumours.
AFP