Urological

Question 1

Lower urinary tract symptoms: filling

Answer 1

urgency, frequency, nocturia

Question 2

Lower urinary tract symptoms: voiding

Answer 2

Dysuria,
hesitancy, 
poor flow, 
incomplete emptying, 
dribbling, 
straining, 
spraying

Question 3

LUTS: incontinence

Answer 3

stress
urge
overflow
continous
enuresis

Question 4

Haematuria questions

Answer 4

Duration
Time within the stream
Presence of clots
Pain: suggestive of renal calculus or infection
Painless: suggestive of carcinoma 
Fever & rigors
Trauma & exercise

Question 5

symptoms of UTI

Answer 5

Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency
Stragury
Fever
Acute confusion

Question 6

Symptoms of chronic renal failure

Answer 6

Oliguria 
Nocturia
Polyuria
Anorexia
Insomnia
Metabolic taste
Vomiting 
Anaemia: EPO deficiency
Fatigue
Oedema
Bruising and bleeding

Question 7

Drug history

Answer 7

Medications can change urine colour - rifampicin (red)

Question 8

Social history

Answer 8

All the standard one
OCCUPATION: tubber & dyes –> bladder cancer
Sexual history

Beetroot –> urine red

Question 9

What are some key urological symptoms and the associated pathology

Answer 9

Dysuria - UTI, STI

Frequency - UTI

Urgency - UTIs or detrusor instability

Nocturia - UTIs and prostate enlargement

Haematuria - UTIs, trauma e.g. catheter, renal tract ca

Urinary hesistancy, terminal dribbling, poor urinary stream - prostate enlargement

Urinary incontinence - UTI, detrusor instability and spinal cord compression

Fevers and rigors - Pyelonephritis

Nausea and vomiting - pyelonephritis

Weight loss - malignancy and uraemia

N&V, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, muscle cramps, pruritus and confusion - URAEMIC

Question 10

How would you do a urology focussed systems review

Answer 10

Systemic - fevers, weight change

Cardio - palpitations (electrolyte derangement), chest pain (uraemic pericarditis)

Respiratory - dyspnoea (pulmonary oedema secondary to renal failure

GI - abdo pain (peritoneal dialysis associated infection)

Neuro - confusion (uraemic encephalopathy)

MSK - muscle wasting - end-stage renal failure

Derm - uraemic frost