urologic problems: glomerulonephritis

Question 1

what is the glomerus

Answer 1

delicate network of arterioles within Bowman’s capsule
- there is high pressure into the afferent pathway all these capillaries pushing fluids/toxin/waste - higher pressure at efferent arteriole leaving capsules

Question 2

what is glomerulonephritis

Answer 2

inflammation of the glomeruli
-can happen from infection or post infection

Question 3

difference between primary and secondary glomerulonephritis

Answer 3

primary is isolated to the kidneys
secondary is caused by systemic disease

Question 4

hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 of glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

type 2: specific antibodies that attack glomerular basement membrane (GBM) these antibodies are called anti-GBM antibodies -> losing enough of these glomerular cells can lead to kidney failure

type 3: antibodies react with antigens and form immune complex –> deposited into GBM –> causes inflammation and destruction

Question 5

what is acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

abrupt onset of glomerulonephritis

Question 6

clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 6

H.A.R.P
Hematuria (blood in urine)
Azotemia (build up of waste)
Retention (of sodium and water –> edema, HTN)
Proteinuria

Question 7

Patho of acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 7

there is a trigger –> immune complexes form –> complement activated –> release of mediators –> tissue injury –> hematuria, proteinuria, decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

Question 8

what is chronic glomerulonephritis

Answer 8

long term inflammation (more than a few weeks)

Question 9

what is formed in chronic glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

scar tissue develops causing the kidneys to be unable to filter/produce urine effectively = less kidney function

Question 10

clinical manifestations of chronic glomerulonephritis

Answer 10

hematuria, proteinuria, azotemia, retention –> will start to see signs of renal failure which will then possibly cause end of stage renal disease

Question 11

what is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 11

glomerulus is too permeable to plasma proteins –> elimination of >3g of protein/day

Question 12

etiology of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 12

diabetes
glomerulonephritis

Question 13

patho of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 13

damage to glomerulus –> increased glomerular permeability –> proteinuria –> hypoalbuminemia

Question 14

clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 14

edema (third spacing)
hypertension