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Term I: Embryology > Urogenital Embryo > Flashcards

Urogenital Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Where do primordial germ cells originate? What germ layer do they end up in?

A

Epiblast (yolk sac specifically)- end up in endodermal cells

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2
Q

What type of tumor results from an abnormal migration of primordial germ cells?

A

Extragonadal germ cell tumor

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3
Q

What are the genital ridges a proliferation of?

A

Coelomic epithelium - forms germinal epithelium, outermost layer of male and female gonads

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4
Q

Migration of what induces development of the gonad into ovary or testis?

A

Primordial germ cells invading genital ridges

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5
Q

What is the source of ovarian cancer and endometriosus?

A

Coelomic epithelium

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6
Q

What gene on the Y chromosome determines if testis will develop?

A

SRY

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7
Q

What protein does the SRY gene produce?

A

TDF - testis-determining factor

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8
Q

What are the three cell types present in the testis cords?

A

Primitive germ cells, Sertoli (sustentacular) cells, Leydig (interstitial) cells

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9
Q

When do testis cords acquire a lumen and become seminiferous tubules?

A

Puberty

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10
Q

What is the embryological origin of the vas deferens?

A

Mesonephric duct

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11
Q

What type of cords proliferate in the female?

A

Cortex/cortical (secondary) cords

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12
Q

What type of cords proliferate in the male?

A

Medullary (primitive sex) cords

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13
Q

What do the cortical cords in the female transform into?

A

Follicular cells

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14
Q

What genes does TDF induce downstream?

A

Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS), testosterone

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15
Q

What type of cells produce Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS)? What does it do?

A

Sertoli cells - causes regression of paramesonephric ducts

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16
Q

What type of cells produce testosterone? What does it do?

A

Interstitial cells of Leydig - mediates virilization of mesonephric duct

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17
Q

What does testosterone get converted into? What does it do? What enzyme does this?

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT) - acts on external genitalia

5a reductase

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18
Q

What would you see clinically if someone has issues making DHT but not testosterone?

A

Female genitalia but internal testosterone influence

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19
Q

What is the name of the genital duct in males?

A

Wolffian/Mesonephric

20
Q

What is the name of the female genital duct?

A

Mullerian/Paramesonephric duct

21
Q

What are the remnants of the Mullerian duct in males called?

A

Utriculus prostaticus

22
Q

What are the remnants of the Wolffian duct called in females?

A

Epoophoron, paraoophoron, Gartner’s cyst

23
Q

What clinical correlation is remnants of the paramesonephros?

A

Paraovarian cysts

24
Q

What results from an imperforate hymen?

A

Metrocolpus - uterus fills w/ menstrual fluid b/c there is nowhere to go

25
Q

What types of cells form the external genitalia around the cloacal membrane?

A

Mesenchymal cells

26
Q

What syndrome does XXY result in?

A

Klinefelter’s

27
Q

What syndrome does a single X result in?

A

Turner’s

28
Q

What is female pseudohermaphroditism?

A

Biochemical defect in steroid production - you make a lot of sex steroids, so this personw ould have uterus and ovaries but ambiguous genitalia

29
Q

What is male pseudohermaphroditism?

A

Caused by decrease in androgenic hormones - tissues do not respond to DHT, so there are testes, but also a short blind vagina

30
Q

What is hypospadias? Epispadias?

A

When urethral groove doesn’t close completely inferiorly

When urethral groove doesn’t close completely superiorly

31
Q

How do uterine anomalies result?

A

When Mullerian ducts don’t connect with each other correctly

32
Q

In the female, what forms from the urogenital sinus?

A

Urinary bladder, urethra, lower vagina, vestibule, greater vestibular/urethral glands

33
Q

In the male, what forms from the urogenital sinus?

A

Urinary bladder, urethra, prostate gland, bulbourethral/Cowpers glands

34
Q

In the female, what forms from the mesonephric duct and tubules?

A

Ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calices, collecting tubules

35
Q

In the male, what forms from the mesonephric duct and tubules?

A

Efferent ductules, duct of epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, ureter, renal pelvis, calices, collecting tubules

36
Q

In the female, what forms from the paramesonephric duct?

A

Uterine tubes, uterus, upper vagina

37
Q

In the male, what forms from the paramesonephric duct?

A

Vestigial - appendix of testis

38
Q

In the female, what forms from the genital tubercle/phallus?

A

Clitoris (glans, corpora cavernosa, bulb of vestibule)

39
Q

In the male, what forms from the genital tubercle/phallus?

A

Penis (glans, corpora cavernosum, corpus spongiosum)

40
Q

In the female, what forms from the urogenital folds?

A

Labia minora, perineal raphe, perianal tissue and external anal sphincter

41
Q

In the male, what forms from the urogenital folds?

A

Ventral aspect of penis, most of penile urethra, perineal raphe, perianal tissue and external sphincter

42
Q

In the female, what forms from the labioscrotal folds?

A

Labia majora

43
Q

In the male, what forms from the labioscrotal folds?

A

Scrotum

44
Q

In the female, what forms from the indifferent gonad?

A

Ovary - follicles from secondary sex cords in cortex

45
Q

In the male, what forms from the indifferent gonad?

A

Testis - seminiferous tubules from primary sex cords, rete testis in medulla

46
Q

In the female, what forms from the gubernaculum?

A

Ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus

47
Q

In the male, what forms from the gubernaculum?

A

Gubernaculum testis

Term I: Embryology (16 decks)

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