Urogenital and Anal Triangles Flashcards
Where is the perineum?
External surface area of the body.
What are the borders of the perineum?
PUBIC SYMPHYSIS (anteriorly)
ISCHIOPUBIC RAMI (anterolaterally)
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES (lateral)
SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENTS (posterolateral)
Inferior-most parts of the sacrum and coccyx (posterior)
What does the urogenital triangle contain in both males and females?
Males : root of the scrotum and penis
Females : Bladder Vulva
What does the Anal triangle contain?
Anal Canal and its orifice, the ANUS
The urogenital triangle is closed by?
PERINEAL MEMBRANE
What perforates the perineal membrane? (In males and Females)
Remember the perineal membrane is not located in the anal triangle. (Only in the urogenital triangle).
Urethra penetrates the perineal membrane.
In women, the vagina ALSO penetrates the perineal membrane.
The perineal body is a convergence site of multiple muscles. What are these muscles?
Bulbospongiosus
External anal sphincter
Superficial Transverse perineal
Deep transverse perineal
Skeletal and smooth muscle from the:
External urethral sphincter
Levator Ani
Muscular Coats of the Rectum
What are the superficial muscles of the perineum?
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS
BULBOSPONGIOSUS
What is the function of the ischiocavernosus and Bulbospongiosus muscles?
Constricts venous outflow from the erectile bodies to assist erection
Simultaneously, it pushes blood from the penile root/crura of clitoris into the body of the penis/clitoris.
What else does the BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE do?
Males: Helps to to get the last few drops of semen or urine out..
Females: It can act as a sphincter for the vagina, compress the greater vestibule gland, assists in erection of the clitoris and the vestibule bulb.
What are the deep muscles of the perineum? (Hint: 2 more in one of the sexes)
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER
Females also have..
COMPRESSOR URETHRAE
URETHROVAGINAL SPHINCTER
What innervates the Bulbospongiosus, Ischiocavernosus, superficial and deep transverse perineal?
DEEP PERINEAL NERVES
What innervates the external urethral sphincter, Compressor urethrae, urethrovaginal sphincter?
DORSAL NERVE OF THE PENIS/CLITORIS
What are the 2 layers of the perineal fascia?
SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL FASCIA (FATTY LAYER and MEMBRANOUS LAYER)
DEEP PERINEAL FASCIA
IN FEMALES, what are the 2 SUPERFICIAL perineal layers called?
FATTY SUPERFICIAL LAYER (originates from CAMPER’S FASCIA)
COLLE’S FASCIA (continuous w/ Scarpa’s fascia) (membranous deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia)
IN MALES, what are the 2 SUPERFICIAL perineal layers called?
Most fatty superficial layer in males is greatly diminished and replaced with DARTOS FASCIA
COLLE’S FASCA (Membranous deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia)
What does the DEEP perineal fascia (GALLAUDET FASCIA) invest?
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS, BULBOSPONGIOUSUS, SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLES
What is the GALLAUDET FASCIA fused to in 1) males and 2) females?
males - suspensory ligament of the penis
females - suspensory ligament of the clitoris
What is the superficial perineal pouch (potential space) located between?
Superficial perineal pouch is between Colles’ Fascia and the Perineal Membrane
What is contained in the SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH in males?
ROOT OF THE PENIS (bulb and crura) + associated muscles (ishiocavernosus and Bulbospongiosus)
Proximal (bulbar) portion of SPONGY URETHRA
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL BRANCHES of the (INTERNAL PUDENDAL VESSELS and PUDENDAL NERVE)
What is contained in the SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH in females?
ROOT OF CLITORIS (CRURA)
BULB OF THE VESTIBULE
GREATER VESTIBULE GLANDS
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL BRANCHES of the (INTERNAL PUDENDAL VESSELS and PUDENDAL NERVE)
Is the deep perineal pouch an enclosed space?
NOOO.. it is open superiorly
What does the DEEP PERINEAL POUCH contain in males?
Intermediate portion of the Urethra
EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
DEEP PERINEAL BRANCHES
DORSAL NERVE and Dorsal vessels of the Penis
What does the DEEP PERINEAL POUCH contain in females?
Proximal Part of URETHRA
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
COMPRESSOR URETHRA
URETHOVAGINAL SPHINCTER
DEEP PERINEAL BRANCHES
DORSAL NERVE and Dorsal Vessels of the clitoris
The external urethral sphincter contains fibers which extend from the neck of the bladder up to the ischial ramus of the hip bone. What are these fibers called in females?
COMPRESSOR URETHRAE MUSCLE
How is the external urethral sphincter orientated in respect to the perineal membrane?
PERPENDICULAR!! (in both sexes)
What does the urethrovaginal sphincter encircle?
Vagina and Urethra
What does the male perineum include?
EXTERNAL GENITALIA (penis, scrotum, urethra)
PERNIEAL MUSCLES
ANAL CANAL
What are the 3 parts of the penis?
GLANS PENIS, root (CRURA and BULB), and BODY
What are 3 bodies of erectile tissue in the penis?
2 CORPORA CAVERNOSA
1 CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
What is the capsule/fibrous covering around the corpora cavernosa?
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
What is the layer of fascia just superficial to the tunica albuginea in the penis?
BUCK’S FASCIA (deep fascia of the penis)
The corpora cavernosa are fused until they separate to form what?
CRURA of the penis
What 2 structures is the corpus spongiosum continuous with ?
BULB OF THE PENIS
GLANS OF THE PENIS
Distally, the corpus spongiosum of the penis expands to form what?
GLANS PENIS
The margin of the glans penis that projects beyond the corpora cavernosa forms what?
CORONA OF THE GLANS PENIS
What separates the glans from the body of the penis?
NECK OF THE GLANS
