1. ductus deferens 2. testicular a. 3. testicular v. 4. lymphatics 5. testicular plexus of autonomic n. 6. cremaster mm. 7. visceral layer of vaginal tunic

Urogenital Flashcards by Jandell Agno

open castration technique in pigs indi

improves manageability
improves carcass quality (removes taint)

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open technique castration pre-op consi

w/in 1st 3 weeks
clean and good physical condi
early morning in hot weather
postpone if scouring

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spermatic cord parts

ductus deferens
testicular a.
testicular v.
lymphatics
testicular plexus of autonomic n.
cremaster mm.
visceral layer of vaginal tunic

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T/F: in young piglets, anesth is not used for routine castration

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in larger pigs’ castration, _______________/_____________ injection of 2% lidocaine is administered

intratesticular/intrafunicular

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2% lidocaine dose

4 mg/kg

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scalpel blade used in castration

no. 12

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in piglet’s castration, the asst. holds the piglet ___________ by the HL w/ the piglet’s back towards the surgeon or suspend the piglet by the HL while it is laid across in a smooth rail

upside down

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other term for spermatic cord

testicular cord

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in castration, an incision is made into testicular tissue thru _____________, ______________, ______________

scrotal skin, tunica dartos, vaginal tunic

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in castration, it is the ligament being transected

scrotal ligament

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to prevent hemorrhage, ligation w/ a ___________, or crushing w/ emasculator is recommended

catgut ligature

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emasculator is held as _________ as possible for _________

proximal
10-15 s

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T/F: the piglets are not allowed into dirty quarters until healing is complete, usually 3-4 days

F (5-7 d)

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closed technique castration in goats indi

reduce odor originating from horn glands

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goats are castrated after ____________

6 months

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___________ is administered in goats before castration

tetanus prophylaxis or tetanus serum/antitoxin

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T/F: tetanus prophylaxis creates passive immunity

F
- tetanus prophylaxis = active
- tetanus serum/antitoxin = passive

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during goat’s castration, the asst. restraints it in ____________ recumbency above his lap

dorsal

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T/F: scrotal skin and spermatic cord can be infiltrated w/ lidocaine

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T/F: vasectomy is performed for production of heat detector (teaser) bulls or rams

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T/F: GA is used during vasectomy

F - local analgesia

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other term for teaser

gomer

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T/F: ductus deferens is palpated as soft, pulsating cord-like structure

F - firm, non-pulsating

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T/F: vaginal tunic is not essential to be sutured but the skin can be closed w/ SI sutures

T/F: inguinal or scrotal hernias frequently occurs in pigs

other term for inguinal hernia

bubonocele

other term for scrotal hernia

oscheocele

T/F: generally, hernias are irreducible

F - reducible

a hernia that can be returned intestines in the abdominal cavity

reducible

T/F: local analgesia is used during inguinal herniorrhaphy

F - GA (dorsal recumbency)

________ cm incision over the external inguinal ring thru skin, SC tissue, scrotal fascia

4-6

it covers the spermatic cord

vaginal tunic

____________ traction is exerted on the tunic, testicle, spermatic cord

steady

hernial contents are replaced into the abdomen by_________________

twisting the vaginal sac

T/F: to prevent inguinal herniation, the size of the external inguinal ring is reduced

suture pattern for the external inguinal ring

SC pattern

T/F: in inguinal herniorrhaphy, the skin incision is fully closed w/ SI sutures

F - partially closed to allow drainage

most common type of neoplasm in bovine penis

fibropapilloma

T/F: neoplasms occur rather frequently in young bulls

T/F: benign tumors are rare in bovine penis

F - malignant

in some cases, tumors can cause __________ or _____________

phimosis or paraphimosis

it is done to facilitate protrusion of penis

tranquilization

anesth used in neoplasm removal

GA or ring block

penis is closed using ____________ pattern

SI pattern (absorbable)

T/F: recurrence of penile neoplasm is normal

F - unusual

vax for penile neoplasm

wart vax

T/F: if the neoplastic growth is extensive and includes the urethra, amputation can be considered

most often affected breeds preputial prolapse w/ fibrosis and preputial ulceration

Bos taurus indicus - Brahman, Santa Gertrudis polled Bos taurus taurus - Angus, Polled Hereford

other term for preputial amputation

circumcision

why some breeds have predilection w/ preputial prolapse

bcoz of pendulous sheath or absence of retractor mm.

T/F: presurgical conservative tx is usually necessary in treating preputial prolapse

T - to reduce swelling and improve condition of the tissue

prior to circumcision, these are reduced to a minimal level

fibrosis and edema

recumbency of circumcision

right lat

anesth for circumcision

GA or sedation and local analgesia

T/F: prolapse portion is resected

resection line should be ___________

oblique coz orifice is oval ( to reduce the danger of phimosis)

a row of _______________ is placed around the prolapse immediately proximal to the proposed line of amputation

horizontal mattress

preputial edges are then apposed w/ a _______________ pattern

T/F: circumcision in European breeds is less successful

T - Bos taurus taurus (coz preputial membrane is too short)

anesth for penile translocation

GA or heavy sedation and local analgesia

T/F: penile translocation are not performed nowadays

T - not so good results

penile translocation recum

dorsal recumbency and tilted w/ its left side uppermost

T/F: penile translocation in small ruminants is very effective

F - large rumi

T/F: in penile translocation, the distance of incision must be equal to the distance of the translocated penis

suture mat for penile transloc

non-ab

T/F: bcoz of the excess skin and pendulous sheath in Indian breeds (Bos taurus indicus), it is possible to transpose the penis and prepuce along w/ the encircling skin rather than to dissect the penis and prepuce free from the skin

in penile transloc, sutures are removed after __________

10d (animals are not put to work for 4-6 wks)

CS in cattle can be done by doing:

recumbent - flank, paramedian, midline standing - left or left flank

method of choice in many cases of dystocia

fetotomy

most common position in cattle CS

standing left flank (coz rumen is easily seen; rumen will help in immobilizing the uterus)

T/F: GA is used in CS

F - regional anesth (inverted L, paravertebral, caudal epidural = to relax pelvic mm. and reduce straining)

CS incision

vertical through-and-through

if the apex of the gravid horn (left or right) is positioned on the right, the uterus is rotated about

90°

largest tarsal bone

calcaneus

the apex of gravid horn is exteriorized; the right hand grasps the _____________

calcaneus

if posterior presentation, the uterus is exteriorized by traction on ____________ w/ left hand

metacarpus

T/F: sterile chains are applied to the limbs and the fetus is slowly extracted

closing pattern for uterus

modified Cushing (Utrecht method) using catgut

difference w/ standard Cushing, modified Cushing, Connell

standard Cushing - no penetration of lumen (split thickness) modified - 45° (more practiced) Connell - w/ penetration in the lumen (full thickness)

it is used so that the knot is buried by the inverted tissue

oblique bite

T/F: inversion suture prevents any leakage and leaves minimal exposure of suture mat

before closing, it is administered intrauterinely

tetracycline

T/F: oxytocin is given SC to aid in subinvolution of uterus

F - IM

normally, placenta is expelled after __

T/F: retention of placenta is not usually treated

T - placenta is expelled as a necrotic mass after 10d

- retention suturing of the bovine vulva - indicated for vaginal or uterine prolapse retention

Buhner's method

buried purse-string suture that stimulates the action of constrictor vestibular mm.

Buhner's method

restraint for Buhner

chute or crush; can be recumbent

anesth for Buhner to prevent straining

caudal epidural (+ osmotic agents)

best osmotic agent

supersaturated sol/n of sugar bcoz of its hyperosmoticity

T/F: prolapse recurrence is common

needle used in Buhner

Buhner's needle or Gerlach's perivaginal needle

tape that prevents future prolapse

perivaginal suture tape - nylon - flat - tolerated better - can remain permanent

alternative suture pattern that can also be used in Buhner

purse string

closing for Buhner

if the cow is close to calving, a ____________ is recommended to allow the suture to be undone to reduce tension at the time of parturition

bow knot

a technique where external os of the cervix is sutured to the prepubic tendon

cervicopexy (after winkler)

group of tendons carrying the MG

prepubic tendon

restraint during cervicopexy

chute or crush

anesth for cervicopexy

epidural anesth

urethra and bladder are located by inserting ___________

urinary catheter

T/F: in cervicopexy, UB is included in the suture