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VSUR - DUCUSIN > Urogenital > Flashcards

Urogenital Flashcards

1
Q

open castration technique in pigs indi

A
  • improves manageability
  • improves carcass quality (removes taint)
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2
Q

open technique castration pre-op consi

A
  • w/in 1st 3 weeks
  • clean and good physical condi
  • early morning in hot weather
  • postpone if scouring
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3
Q

spermatic cord parts

A
  1. ductus deferens
  2. testicular a.
  3. testicular v.
  4. lymphatics
  5. testicular plexus of autonomic n.
  6. cremaster mm.
  7. visceral layer of vaginal tunic
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4
Q

T/F: in young piglets, anesth is not used for routine castration

A

T

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5
Q

in larger pigs’ castration, _______________/_____________ injection of 2% lidocaine is administered

A

intratesticular/intrafunicular

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6
Q

2% lidocaine dose

A

4 mg/kg

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7
Q

scalpel blade used in castration

A

no. 12

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8
Q

in piglet’s castration, the asst. holds the piglet ___________ by the HL w/ the piglet’s back towards the surgeon or suspend the piglet by the HL while it is laid across in a smooth rail

A

upside down

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9
Q

other term for spermatic cord

A

testicular cord

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10
Q

in castration, an incision is made into testicular tissue thru _____________, ______________, ______________

A

scrotal skin, tunica dartos, vaginal tunic

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11
Q

in castration, it is the ligament being transected

A

scrotal ligament

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12
Q

to prevent hemorrhage, ligation w/ a ___________, or crushing w/ emasculator is recommended

A

catgut ligature

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13
Q

emasculator is held as _________ as possible for _________

A
  • proximal
  • 10-15 s
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14
Q

T/F: the piglets are not allowed into dirty quarters until healing is complete, usually 3-4 days

A

F (5-7 d)

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15
Q

closed technique castration in goats indi

A

reduce odor originating from horn glands

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16
Q

goats are castrated after ____________

A

6 months

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17
Q

___________ is administered in goats before castration

A

tetanus prophylaxis or tetanus serum/antitoxin

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18
Q

T/F: tetanus prophylaxis creates passive immunity

A

F
- tetanus prophylaxis = active
- tetanus serum/antitoxin = passive

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19
Q

during goat’s castration, the asst. restraints it in ____________ recumbency above his lap

A

dorsal

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20
Q

T/F: scrotal skin and spermatic cord can be infiltrated w/ lidocaine

A

T

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21
Q

T/F: vasectomy is performed for production of heat detector (teaser) bulls or rams

A

T

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22
Q

T/F: GA is used during vasectomy

A

F - local analgesia

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23
Q

other term for teaser

A

gomer

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24
Q

T/F: ductus deferens is palpated as soft, pulsating cord-like structure

A

F - firm, non-pulsating

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25
Q

T/F: vaginal tunic is not essential to be sutured but the skin can be closed w/ SI sutures

A

T

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26
Q

T/F: inguinal or scrotal hernias frequently occurs in pigs

A

T

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27
Q

other term for inguinal hernia

A

bubonocele

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28
Q

other term for scrotal hernia

A

oscheocele

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29
Q

T/F: generally, hernias are irreducible

A

F - reducible

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30
Q

a hernia that can be returned intestines in the abdominal cavity

A

reducible

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31
Q

T/F: local analgesia is used during inguinal herniorrhaphy

A

F - GA (dorsal recumbency)

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32
Q

________ cm incision over the external inguinal ring thru skin, SC tissue, scrotal fascia

A

4-6

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33
Q

it covers the spermatic cord

A

vaginal tunic

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34
Q

____________ traction is exerted on the tunic, testicle, spermatic cord

A

steady

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35
Q

hernial contents are replaced into the abdomen by_________________

A

twisting the vaginal sac

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36
Q

T/F: to prevent inguinal herniation, the size of the external inguinal ring is reduced

A

T

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37
Q

suture pattern for the external inguinal ring

A

SC pattern

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38
Q

T/F: in inguinal herniorrhaphy, the skin incision is fully closed w/ SI sutures

A

F - partially closed to allow drainage

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39
Q

most common type of neoplasm in bovine penis

A

fibropapilloma

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40
Q

T/F: neoplasms occur rather frequently in young bulls

A

T

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41
Q

T/F: benign tumors are rare in bovine penis

A

F - malignant

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42
Q

in some cases, tumors can cause __________ or _____________

A

phimosis or paraphimosis

43
Q

it is done to facilitate protrusion of penis

A

tranquilization

44
Q

anesth used in neoplasm removal

A

GA or ring block

45
Q

penis is closed using ____________ pattern

A

SI pattern (absorbable)

46
Q

T/F: recurrence of penile neoplasm is normal

A

F - unusual

47
Q

vax for penile neoplasm

A

wart vax

48
Q

T/F: if the neoplastic growth is extensive and includes the urethra, amputation can be considered

A

T

49
Q

most often affected breeds preputial prolapse w/ fibrosis and preputial ulceration

A

Bos taurus indicus - Brahman, Santa Gertrudis
polled Bos taurus taurus - Angus, Polled Hereford

50
Q

other term for preputial amputation

A

circumcision

51
Q

why some breeds have predilection w/ preputial prolapse

A

bcoz of pendulous sheath or absence of retractor mm.

52
Q

T/F: presurgical conservative tx is usually necessary in treating preputial prolapse

A

T - to reduce swelling and improve condition of the tissue

53
Q

prior to circumcision, these are reduced to a minimal level

A

fibrosis and edema

54
Q

recumbency of circumcision

A

right lat

55
Q

anesth for circumcision

A

GA or sedation and local analgesia

56
Q

T/F: prolapse portion is resected

A

T

57
Q

resection line should be ___________

A

oblique coz orifice is oval ( to reduce the danger of phimosis)

58
Q

a row of _______________ is placed around the prolapse immediately proximal to the proposed line of amputation

A

horizontal mattress

59
Q

preputial edges are then apposed w/ a _______________ pattern

A

SC

60
Q

T/F: circumcision in European breeds is less successful

A

T - Bos taurus taurus (coz preputial membrane is too short)

61
Q

anesth for penile translocation

A

GA or heavy sedation and local analgesia

62
Q

T/F: penile translocation are not performed nowadays

A

T - not so good results

63
Q

penile translocation recum

A

dorsal recumbency and tilted w/ its left side uppermost

64
Q

T/F: penile translocation in small ruminants is very effective

A

F - large rumi

65
Q

T/F: in penile translocation, the distance of incision must be equal to the distance of the translocated penis

A

T

66
Q

suture mat for penile transloc

A

non-ab

67
Q

T/F: bcoz of the excess skin and pendulous sheath in Indian breeds (Bos taurus indicus), it is possible to transpose the penis and prepuce along w/ the encircling skin rather than to dissect the penis and prepuce free from the skin

A

T

68
Q

in penile transloc, sutures are removed after __________

A

10d (animals are not put to work for 4-6 wks)

69
Q

CS in cattle can be done by doing:

A

recumbent - flank, paramedian, midline
standing - left or left flank

70
Q

method of choice in many cases of dystocia

A

fetotomy

71
Q

most common position in cattle CS

A

standing left flank (coz rumen is easily seen; rumen will help in immobilizing the uterus)

72
Q

T/F: GA is used in CS

A

F - regional anesth (inverted L, paravertebral, caudal epidural = to relax pelvic mm. and reduce straining)

73
Q

CS incision

A

vertical through-and-through

74
Q

if the apex of the gravid horn (left or right) is positioned on the right, the uterus is rotated about

A

90°

75
Q

largest tarsal bone

A

calcaneus

76
Q

the apex of gravid horn is exteriorized; the right hand grasps the _____________

A

calcaneus

77
Q

if posterior presentation, the uterus is exteriorized by traction on ____________ w/ left hand

A

metacarpus

78
Q

T/F: sterile chains are applied to the limbs and the fetus is slowly extracted

A

T

79
Q

closing pattern for uterus

A

modified Cushing (Utrecht method) using catgut

80
Q

difference w/ standard Cushing, modified Cushing, Connell

A

standard Cushing - no penetration of lumen (split thickness)
modified - 45° (more practiced)
Connell - w/ penetration in the lumen (full thickness)

81
Q

it is used so that the knot is buried by the inverted tissue

A

oblique bite

82
Q

T/F: inversion suture prevents any leakage and leaves minimal exposure of suture mat

A

T

83
Q

before closing, it is administered intrauterinely

A

tetracycline

84
Q

T/F: oxytocin is given SC to aid in subinvolution of uterus

A

F - IM

85
Q

normally, placenta is expelled after __

A

4h

86
Q

T/F: retention of placenta is not usually treated

A

T - placenta is expelled as a necrotic mass after 10d

87
Q
  • retention suturing of the bovine vulva
  • indicated for vaginal or uterine prolapse retention
A

Buhner’s method

88
Q

buried purse-string suture that stimulates the action of constrictor vestibular mm.

A

Buhner’s method

89
Q

restraint for Buhner

A

chute or crush; can be recumbent

90
Q

anesth for Buhner to prevent straining

A

caudal epidural (+ osmotic agents)

91
Q

best osmotic agent

A

supersaturated sol/n of sugar bcoz of its hyperosmoticity

92
Q

T/F: prolapse recurrence is common

A

T

93
Q

needle used in Buhner

A

Buhner’s needle or Gerlach’s perivaginal needle

94
Q

tape that prevents future prolapse

A

perivaginal suture tape
- nylon
- flat
- tolerated better
- can remain permanent

95
Q

alternative suture pattern that can also be used in Buhner

A

purse string

96
Q

closing for Buhner

A

SI

97
Q

if the cow is close to calving, a ____________ is recommended to allow the suture to be undone to reduce tension at the time of parturition

A

bow knot

98
Q

a technique where external os of the cervix is sutured to the prepubic tendon

A

cervicopexy (after winkler)

99
Q

group of tendons carrying the MG

A

prepubic tendon

100
Q

restraint during cervicopexy

A

chute or crush

101
Q

anesth for cervicopexy

A

epidural anesth

102
Q

urethra and bladder are located by inserting ___________

A

urinary catheter

103
Q

T/F: in cervicopexy, UB is included in the suture

A

F

VSUR - DUCUSIN (2 decks)

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