URLs, IP Address, and DNS Flashcards
By order, what are the layers TCP/IP?
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Network Access Layer
In the Application Layer, what can be found here?
DNS protocol, HTTP, HTTPS
In the transport layer, what can be found here?
UDP and TCP
In the internet layer, what is part of this?
Internet Protocol
In the network access layer, what can be found here?
network access
This is a sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It identifies a resource either by location or name
URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
This identify a resource using a name. This name has to be unique across a namespace
URN (Uniform Resource Name)
This are the most common way of identifying resources on the web. It identifies a resource using its location.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
At minimum, what does URLs need?
Protocol and Domain Name
https://www.google.com
In this example, which is the protocol and the domain?
Protocol: https://
Domain: www.google.com
This declares how the browser should communicate with the server
Protocol
This is the name of your website
Domain Name
Domain can be further broken down into?
Subdomains and top-level domain
https://classroom.google.com/u/0/h
in this example, what is the top level domain? what is the subdomain?
Top level domain: com
Subdomain: classroom
What usually designate a specific area of your site?
Subdomains
This refers to a file, resource, or directory in the server
path
http://www.somewebsite.com/index.html
https://sais.up.edu.ph/psp/ps/?cmd=login
which is the path here?
index.html
/psp/ps/
This is commonly found in the url of dynamic web pages. preceded by the ? symbol
query
https://twitter.com/search?q=android&src=typd
in this example, which is the query?
?q=android&src=typd
What makes up the query string? These are key-value pairs separated by the & symbol.
Parameter
https://sais.up.edu.ph/psp/ps/?cmd=login
in this which is the parameter? what is the key? what is the value?
cmd=login
key: cmd
value = login
This is an optional part of URLs preceded by a :. It’s usually not explicitly included in the URL
Port
port 21 is for?
file transfer
port 25 is for?
simple mail transfer
port 80 is for?
HTTP
port 443 is for?
HTTPS
This is an internal reference to. part of a page. Marked by # symbol
Fragment
Fragment is sometimes called as?
named archor
What are the cons of IP?
Provides unreliable, connectionless delivery system used by machines in a network to communicate
What is IP responsible for?
addressing within a network, encapsulating data into diagrams, and routing datagrams from source to destination.
What is built on top of IP to provide reliable, connection-oriented communication system?
TCP
what are the 2 major version of IP in use?
IPv4 and IPv6
IP addresses are numerical addressed assigned to machines in a network, now, should they be unique within a particular namespace?
Yes or no
Yes
Is it true that in the global list of public IP addresses, there are no two machines which are assigned the same public IP addresses?
True
The version of this IP addresses are composed of 4 8-bit numbers
IPv4
How many combinations are there in IPv4? And did it ran out? when?
2^32 ~ 4.3 billion combination.
Yes they ran out in 2011
This version of addresses are composed of 8 4-decimal numbers
IPv6
How many possible combination are there for IPv6?
2^128
What is the hierarchical naming system for resources on the Web?
Domain Name System (DNS)
This is the process of retrieving the IP address associated with a domain name
Domain Name Resolution
These are servers that keep the DNS records
Domain name system servers
These are maps of domain names to IP address.
DNS record
This is a program that is a components of a browser, OS, or other network programs. It connects to DNS servers to request records using the dns protocol.
DNS Client
This server stores the master copies of the DNS records
Authoritative DNS servers
This server cache commonly requested records. If they don’t have it, they make request to other DNS servers.
Recursive DNS Servers.
This is a nonprofit organization responsible for coordination and maintenance of database related to Internet namespaces.
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
This is a department under ICANN that coordinate the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other IP resources
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
These are governed by ICANN. They are the last segment of a domain name and are usually descriptive of the site.
Top Level Domain
This type of TLD is when anyone can register with little restrictions. They are the most common of the TLDs
Generic TLD
This TLD is restricted to a country or any dependent territory identified with a country code.
Country code TLD
