urine specimen collection (lab) Flashcards
most analyzed specimen in the lab
urine
urine is a __ substance
biohazardous
waste product of body’s metabolic process
urine
organic materials of urine
urea
creatinine
uric acid
inorganic materials of urine
chloride
sodium
magnesium
calcium
phosphate
urine is __ water
95%
t/f: Clean, Reusable, wide-mouthed, and flat-bottom containers with screw caps are recommended in collecting urine
f (disposable)
clean containers must be at least __
50mL
container for pediatric patients
adhesive bags
container for 24-hour specimens
large plastic container
__ of urine is best observed by checking it against any printed material
clarity
information on the label
px name
id number
date
time
urine can be preserved at __ temp
ref temp (2-8C)
t/f: label may be put on the lid
f
__ must accompany the specimen
requisition form
t/f: unlabeled containers must be discarded immediately
f (return/ inform requesting physician)
specimen rejection criteria:
unlabeled container
nonmatching labels and requisitions
contaminated specimen / container
insufficient quantity
delayed / improper transport
most problems of specimen integrity in urine are caused by __ __
bacterial multiplication
formalin may be used in preservation when you only want to test __ __
formed elements
composition of urine depends on the patient’s __, and the __ and __ used for collection
metabolic state, timing, procedure
in unpreserved urine, color will be:
modified/darkened
in unpreserved urine, clarity will be:
decreased
in unpreserved urine, odor will be:
increased
in unpreserved urine, pH will be:
increased
in unpreserved urine, glucose will be:
decreased
in unpreserved urine, ketone will be:
decreased
in unpreserved urine, bilirubin will be:
decreased
in unpreserved urine, urobilinogen will be:
decreased
in unpreserved urine, nitrite will be:
decreased
in unpreserved urine, blood cells & casts will be:
decreased
in unpreserved urine, bacteria will be:
increased
increased pH of urine causes __ smell
amoniacal
routine specimen preservation
refrigeration (2-8C)
types of specimens
random
first morning
fasting
2-hour post prandial
glucose tolerance
24-hour (timed)
catheterized
midstream clean-catch
suprapubic aspiration
prostatitis specimen
pediatric specimen
drug specimen
most common type of specimen received; routine screening for obvious abnormalities; collected any time
random specimen
__ specimen is prone to contaminants, erroneous results, and is affected by posture
random specimen
t/f: dietary intake and activity may alter the results of a random specimen
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ideal screening specimen; not affected by physical activity
first morning specimen
specimen used for orthostatic protein confirmation and urine pregnancy tests
first morning specimen
specimen that does not contain metabolites from evening meal; recommended for glucose monitoring
fasting specimen
specimen collected 2 hours after meal; monitors glucose / insulin therapy
glucose tolerance specimen
3 types of specimen used to monitor diabetes mellitus:
fasting
2-hour postprandial
glucose tolerance
specimen used to correlate renal threshold with patient’s ability to metabolize glucose
glucose tolerance specimen
specimen required for quantitative results; needed for measuring substances with diurnal variation
24-hour (timed) specimen
accurate __ is critical for accurate results in 24-hour (timed) specimen
timing
sterile specimen collected from bladder with a catheter
catheterized
most common test using catheterized sample is __ and __
culture and sensitivity
t/f: in catheterized samples, routine urinalysis must be performed first before culture
f (culture first)
specimen alternative to catheterized specimen (less invasive); less contaminated than routine collection
midstream clean-catch specimen
specimen completely free of contamination for culture and cytology; most invasive
suprapubic aspiration
how many containers are needed in prostatitis specimen collection
3 glass containers
specimen used for those suspected with prostate infection; similar collection with midstream clean-catch
prostatitis specimen
in prostatitis specimen, which containers are examined microscopically for presence of WBCs
container 1 (first void) and 3 (remaining urine)
t/f: only container 3 is examined for chemical tests
f (all 3 glass containers are subjected to chemical tests)
collection method for prostatitis specimen:
3-glass collection
prostatic infection is present when:
- higher WBC/hpf count: specimen 3 > specimen 1
- bacterial count: specimen 3, 10 times higher than specimen 1
specimen 2 in the 3-glass collection serves as the __ for bladder or kidney infection
control
documentation from the time of specimen collection until the time of receipt of laboratory results
chain of custody
in drug specimen collection, __, __, __ must be documented
proper collection, labeling, handling
urine taken within 4 minutes must be __
32.5-37.7C (body temp)
t/f: if specimen temperature is out of range, report immediately; collect another specimen asap
t
