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Fundamentals > Urine / Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Urine / Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Which statement accurately describes glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A. The primary function of GFR is to excrete nitrogenous waste products
B. Decreased permeability in the glomerulus causes loss of proteins into the urine
C. The GFR is primarily dependent on adequate blood flow and adequate hydrostatic pressure

A

C. The GFR is primarily dependent on adequate blood flow and adequate hydrostatic pressure

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2
Q

In which clinical situation would the increased release of erythropoietin be expected?

A. Hypoxemia
B. Hypotension
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Fluid overload

A

A. Hypoxemia

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3
Q

The male patient is admitted with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. What urination characteristics should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

A. Anuria
B. Hesitancy
C. Hematuria
D. Nocturia

A

B. Hesitancy

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4
Q

What symptom is most likely to be exhibited by the patient who complains of voiding small amounts of urine in relation to his fluid intake?

A. Oliguria
B. Polyuria
C. Frequency
D. Dysuria

A

A. Oliguria (not enough urine)

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5
Q

Which volume of urine in the bladder would cause discomfort and require urinary catheterization? 2 correct answers

A. 100 ml
B. 250 ml
C. 500 ml
D. 800 ml

A

C. 500ml
and
D. 800ml

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6
Q

Which classification of urinary tract infection (UTI) is described as infection of the renal parenchyma, renal pelvis and ureters?

A. Lower UTI
B. Cystitis
C. Upper UTI
D. Dysuria

A

C. Upper UTI

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7
Q

Which characteristic is more likely with acute pyelonephritis than with a lower UTI?

A. Fever
B. Hematuria
C. Urgency
D. Pyuria

A

A. Fever

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8
Q

Which urinalysis results most likely indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A. Yellow; pH 6.8
B. Cloudy; WBC >5/hpf; pH 8.2; numerous casts
C. Cloudy; brown; RBC 3/hpf; specific gravity 1.025
D. Clear; glucose and ketones: trace

A

B. Cloudy; WBC >5/hpf; pH 8.2; numerous casts

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9
Q

Which urine specific gravity value would indicate to the nurse that the patient is receiving excessive IV fluid therapy?

A. 1.002
B. 1.010
C. 1.025
D. 1.035

A

A. 1.002

this indicates urine is very diluted. 1.000 is the specific gravity of water.

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10
Q

Which test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?

A. Renal biopsy
B. Blood culture
C. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
D. Urine culture and sensitivity

A

D. Urine culture and sensitivity

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11
Q

What nursing responsibilities are done to obtain a clean-catch urine specimen for culture and sensitivity from a patient? (Select all that apply)

A. Use sterile container
B. Must start the test with full bladder
C. Insert catheter immediately after voiding
D. Have the patient void, stop and void in container
E. Have the patient clean the meatus before voiding

A

A. Use sterile container
D. Have the patient void, stop and void in container
E. Have the patient clean the meatus before voiding

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12
Q

Which test is most specific for renal function?

A. Renal scan
B. Serum creatinine
C. Creatinine clearance
D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

C. Creatinine clearance

DIno says this test shows the kidneys are “clearing creatinine”

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13
Q

What is the factor that contributes to an increased incidence of urinary tract infections in aging women?

A. Length of the urethra
B. Larger capacity of bladder
C. Relaxation of pelvic floor and bladder muscles
D. Tight muscular support at the urinary sphincter

A

C. Relaxation of pelvic floor and bladder muscles

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14
Q

A female patient with a UTI has a nursing diagnosis of risk for infection, risk factor: Lack of knowledge regarding prevention of recurrence. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan instructions for this patient?

A. Empty the bladder at least 4 times a day
B. Drink at least 2 liters of fluids every day
C. Wait to urinate until the urge is very intense
D. Clean the urinary meatus with an anti-infective agent after voiding

A

B. Drink at least 2 liters of fluids every day

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15
Q

The provider documented that the patient has urinary retention. How should the nurse explain this when the nursing student asks what it is?

A. Inability to void
B. No urine formation
C. Large amount of urine output
D. Increased incidence of urination

A

A. Inability to void

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16
Q

A male patient is admitted to the hospital with urinary retention. What interventions should the nurse perform to stimulate the micturition reflex? (Select all that apply)

A. Assist the patient to relax and void in a standing position
B. Tell the patient to run water while trying to void
C. Stroke the outer aspect of the thigh
D. Pour warm water over the patient’s perineum
E. Obtain orders to catheterize the patient

A

A. Assist the patient to relax and void in a standing position
B. Tell the patient to run water while trying to void
D. Pour warm water over the patient’s perineum
E. Obtain orders to catheterize the patient

17
Q

A patient is admitted to a long-term care facility with urinary retention from a spinal cord injury. Which urinary catheter strategy is most appropriate?

A. Indwelling urinary catheter
B. Intermittent straight catheter
C. External catheter
D. Urinal or incontinence garments

A

B. Intermittent straight catheter

18
Q

Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for a patient who has functional incontinence?

A. Teaching the patient’s Kegel exercises
B. Provide a bedside commode
C. Administer prophylactic antibiotics
D. Teach the patient “in and out” self-catheterization

A

B. Provide a bedside commode

19
Q

The nurse developing a teaching plan for a patient with urge incontinence. Which of the following instructions should be included?

A. Avoid activities that are stressful and upsetting
B. Avoid caffeine and alcohol
C. Do not wear a girdle
D. Limit physical exertion

A

B. Avoid caffeine and alcohol

20
Q

While assessing a patient with bowel elimination problem, the nurse asks the patient, “Do you feel as though your bowel movements are incomplete?” Which condition is the nurse trying to determine in the patient?

A. Constipation
B. Diarrhea
C. Indigestion
D. Hemorrhoids

A

A. Constipation

21
Q

A nurse is discussing common bowel elimination problems. Which statement indicates effective understanding of the difference between fecal impaction and fecal incontinence?

A. Fecal impaction is common in debilitated, confused or unconscious patient, whereas fecal incontinence is common in patients with impaired cognitive function.

B. Fecal impaction is the accumulation of gas in the lumen of the intestines, whereas fecal incontinence is the inability to control the passage of feces and gas from the anus

C. Fecal impaction is characterized by loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting and rectal pain, whereas fecal incontinence is characterized by abdominal distention and severe, sharp abdominal pain

A

A. Fecal impaction is common in debilitated, confused or unconscious patient, whereas fecal incontinence is common in patients with impaired cognitive function.

22
Q

What is the most important thing the nurse should do when caring for a patient who has contracted Clostridium difficile?

A. Clean the entire room with ammonia
B. Feed the patient yogurt with probiotics
C. Wear gloves and wash hands with soaps and water
D. Teach the family to use alcohol-based hand cleaners

A

C. Wear gloves and wash hands with soaps and water

23
Q

The patient asks the nurse to recommend bulk-forming foods may be included in the diet. Which of the following should be recommended by the nurse?

A. Whole grain cereals
B. Fruit juice
C. Cold cuts
D. Milk products

A

A. Whole grain cereals

24
Q

A patient reports passing hard black stools. Which condition should be evaluated in the patient?

A. Upper GI bleeding
B. Lower GI bleeding
C. Malabsorption of fats
D. Iron ingestion

A

D. Iron ingestion

25
Q

The nurse is caring for an older adult with diarrhea. Which problem is the MOST important to consider?

A. Malnutrition
B. Dehydration
C. Skin breakdown
D. Incontinence

A

B. Dehydration

26
Q

For the patient with diarrhea, the nurse recommends?

A. Fresh vegetables
B. Cold sodas
C. Boiled potatoes
D. Beans

A

C. Boiled potatoes

27
Q

The nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when a patient with acute infectious diarrhea makes which statement?

A. “I can use Vaseline jelly around the anal area to protect my skin.”

B. “Gatorade is a good liquid to drink because it replaces the fluid and salts I have lost.”

C. “I may use over-the-counter Imodium when I need to control the diarrhea.”

D. “I must wash my hands after every bowel movement to prevent spreading the diarrhea to my family.”

A

C. “I may use over-the-counter Imodium when I need to control the diarrhea.”

28
Q

Which bowel elimination problem is associated with abdominal fullness, cramping, distention and severe sharp pain?

A. Diarrhea
B. Hemorrhoids
C. Fecal incontinence
D. Flatulence

A

D. Flatulence

better known as a FART :-)

Fundamentals (2 decks)

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