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Renal > Urine abnormalities > Flashcards

Urine abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Raised protein (A:CR, P:CR)

A

The higher the proteinuria, more likely due to glomerular disease

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2
Q

Haematuria causes

A

Visible/(a/symptomatic) non-visible due to malignancy, calculi, IgA nephropathy, Alport, PKD, glomerulonephritis
Myoglobin in urine can trigger false +ve for blood

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3
Q

Haematuria management

A

Any haematuria in >40yr needs imaging, cystoscopy + urological assessment

Renal referral if:
eGFR<60
Proteinuria
HT
FHx renal disease
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4
Q

A:CR normal values

A

<2.5mg/mmol in male
<3.5mg/mmol in female

> 30 considered proteinuria

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5
Q

P:CR normal values

A

<15mg/mmol

> 50 considered proteinuria

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6
Q

Glucosuria indicates

A

DM
Pregnancy
Sepsis
Proximal renal tubular pathology

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7
Q

Ketonuria indicates

A

Ketoacidosis

Starvation

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8
Q

Leucocyturia indicates

A

UTI

Vaginal discharge

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9
Q

Nitrites in urine indicate

A

UTI (enteric gram -ve organism)

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10
Q

Bilirubin in urine indicates

A

Haemolysis

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11
Q

Urobilinogen in urine indicates

A

Liver disease

Haemolysis

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12
Q

Normal Urine pH

A

4.5-9, acidic in meat diet

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13
Q

RBC in urine microscopy

A

> 2/mm^3 is abnormal

May indicate bleeding from glomerulus

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14
Q

WBC in urine microscopy

A

> 10/mm^3 is abnormal

May indicate UTI, glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal transplant rejection, malignancy

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15
Q

Red cell casts in urine microscopy

A

Inflammatory process in glomerulus

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16
Q

White cell casts in urine microscopy

A

Pyelonephritis
Interstitial nephritis
Glomerulonephritis

17
Q

Granular casts in urine microscopy

A

Formed from degenerated tubular cells

Seen in any chronic kidney disease

18
Q

Crystals found in urine

A 
Uric acid (uric acid stones, tumour lysis syndrome)
Calcium oxalate (stones, ethylene glycol poisoning, high oxalate diet)
Cystinuria (genetic)
19
Q

Hyaline casts in urine

A

Diuretic use

Renal (10 decks)

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