Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Uro > Urine > Flashcards

Urine Flashcards

1
Q

What are functions of kidneys

A

Balance of water & pH
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes such as urea, uric acid and creatinine
Excretion- removal of wastes from the body via urine manufactures EPO and renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the urinary tract lined with?

A

Mucous membranes- has an opening to the outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What has the purpose of two small tubes going from the kidneys to the urinary bladder with the purpose of transporting the Urine that the kidneys formed to the bladder for temporary storage.

A

Ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ureters have smooth muscle so urine will flow by ____ but also due to

A

Gravity- peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ureters enter the inferior and posterior surface of the bladder at the trigone

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the bladder located if it’s empty

A

Behind pubic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The female bladder is ___ to the uterus

A

Inferior- uterus is tipped over anteverted*** the bladder in the pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the bladder is a triangular area called the ____ In the inferior floor of the bladder it contains no muscle so this area don’t contract or stretch.

A

Trigone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

A

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the female urethra is anterior to the vagina and about 1 1/2 inches long. It’s only purpose is to eliminate urine from the body Bc the female urethra is shorter and close in proximity to the anus- the female is more susceptible for cystitis

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The male urethra is 8 inches long and is in the penis and is for eliminating urine and semen

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which Urethral spinchter is made of smooth muscle and is contracted most of the time but relaxes to permit urination

A

Internal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which urethral sphincter is made of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control or contracts on demand to prevent incontinence

A

External sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nervous system involvement is

A

CNS- spinal cord control micturition reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The nephrons (structural and functional units of the kidneys) form urine from BLOOD*

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ is the network or cluster of capillaries

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The kidneys are the body’s QA department-quality and quantity assurance- HOMEOSTASIS

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Urine formation

  1. Glomerular filtration- blood pressure drives blood and substances out of the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman’s capsule via filtration.
  2. Tubular Reabsorption
  3. Tubular Secretion
A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Kidneys regulate pH- urine pH 4.6 (acidic) to 8.0 (alkaline) average 6.0 (acidic)

If more acidic the kidneys will excrete excess H+ to increase the pH or blood pH is kept relatively constant by hgb, carbonic acid, bicarbonate buffers, changes in RR and depth of breathing. If the body or body fluids are to alkaline then the kidneys will hold onto the H+ to lower the pH

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kidneys regulate water balance- they are just one organ that is excretory organs (lungs, skin, intestines) 1-1/2 L in 24 hrs

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypothalamus has osmoreceptors that maintains water volume (also regulating electrolyte levels)

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

JG apparatus- cells near the afferent arterioles in the nephron secrete RENIN in response to low BP, low Na+ and low K+ levels

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If BP low (this Na+ low) JG apparatus secretes Renin—- Renin in turn activates the angiotensin (blood protein) to constrict blood vessels and raise BP

A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

____ ____ is concentrating ability of the kidneys (1.0029 very dilute-1.040 very concentrated)

A

Specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ADH from the posterior pituitary secreted when H2O volume is low or water intake is low, therefore conserves H2O - reabsorbs H2O from the DCT and collecting ducts by the kidneys. This makes urine concentrated SG 1.040 and not dilute SG 1.002

ANP from the heart increases excretion of Na+ and water in the urine

A

Know

26
Q

EPO (erythropoietin) from the kidneys stimulates RBM when the blood count to slow and the O2 levels are low

A

Know

27
Q

If one has little ADH they have increased output

A

Know

28
Q

Diabetes insipidus- not enough ADH

A

Know

29
Q

What term means thirsty

A

Polydipsia

30
Q

___ is not enough ADH causing more urine output

A

Polyuria

31
Q

Abnormal constituents in urine-

Blood (hematuria)
Pus (pyuria)
Casts 
Proteins, like albumins (albuminuria)-kidney damage
Sugar (glycosuria) 
Bacteria (bacteriauria)
Ketones from fat metabolism (ketonuria)
A

Know

32
Q

Electrolytes are regulated by the hypothalamus,hormones, and buffers.

A

Know

33
Q

Primary Cation In extracellular (interstitial) fluids is Na+.

Most abundant anion in plasma membrane- phosphate (phospholipids)

Major action in intracellular fluids- K+

A

Know

34
Q

Major action in intracellular fluids

A

K+

35
Q

Primary Cation In extracellular fluids is

A

Na+

36
Q

Trace the path of a blood drop through the kidneys

  1. Abdominal aorta
  2. Renal artery
  3. Afferent arteriole
  4. Glomerulus
  5. Efferent arteriole
  6. Peritubular capillaries
  7. Renal veins
    Inferior vena cava
A

Know

37
Q

What does the juxtaglerular apparatus do

A

Secrete Renin in response to low BP, low Na+, and low K+ levels

38
Q

Formation of urine

A
  1. Glomerular filtration.
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
39
Q

___ is the main nitrogenous waste that kidneys produce

A

Urea

40
Q

___ blood protein constrict bp and stimulates

A

Angiotensin

41
Q

____ ____ is the 1st step of urine formation

A

Glomerular filtration

42
Q

Substances normally found in the urine

  1. Nitrogenous waste products
  2. Urea
  3. Uric acid
  4. Creatinine
  5. Electrolytes
  6. Pigments
A

Know

43
Q

No output

A

Anuria

44
Q

Scanty amount of urine

A

Oliguria

45
Q

Kidneys DO NOT make urine

A

Know

46
Q

Urine left in the bladder after voiding

A

Residual urine

47
Q

Electrolytes and functions

  1. Sodium is responsible for
A

Maintaining osmotic balance and body fluid volume. Main positive ion In extracellular fluids

48
Q

electrolytes and functions

  1. Potassium
A

Important in transmission ion of nerve impulses and is major positive ion of ICF

49
Q

Electrolytes and functions

  1. Calcium
A

Required for bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting

50
Q

Electrolytes and functions

  1. Magnesium
A

Necessary for muscle contraction. And for the action of some enzymes

51
Q

Cations

  1. Sodium
  2. K+
  3. Ca
A

Know

52
Q

Anions

  1. Bicarbonate
  2. Chloride
  3. Phosphate
A

Know

53
Q

Electrolytes and functions

Bicarbonate

A

Buffer in body fluids

54
Q

Electrolytes and functions

Chloride

A

Formation of HCI in the stomach and regulates fluid balance and pH. Most abundant anion in extracellular fluids

55
Q

Electrolytes and functions

Phosphate

A

Essential in carbohydrate metabolism, bone formation, and acid bass balance. Found in plasma membranes, nucleic acids

56
Q

______ is the kidneys outer portion

A

Renal cortex

57
Q

The internal portion of the kidneys that contains tubes in which urine is formed and collected

A

Renal medulla

58
Q

Regulation of pH

3 steps

A

Buffer systems
Respiration
Kidney function

59
Q

What’s the pH range from urine

A

7.35-7.45

60
Q

The process of expelling urine from bladder

A

Micturation

Anatomy Uro (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions