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Ch 31 Urination > Urine > Flashcards

Urine Flashcards

1
Q

As dehydration worsens urine becomes what color

A

Dark yellow then amber

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2
Q

Urine can be cloudy or have an increase turbidity due to

A

Fat gobules or red/wbc or maybe if urine has been exposed to room temp for to long

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3
Q

Normal range of urine production is _____-_____ in 24 hr

A

1,000-3,000

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4
Q

What’s the minimum urinary output per hour

A

30 mL

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5
Q

Is a LPN able to make the decision to monitor I&O at their own discretion

A

Yes

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6
Q

____ is urinary output less than 30mL can be due to decreased fluid intake

A

Oliguria

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7
Q

____ is increased urinary output, greater than 3,000mL per day

A

Polyuria

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8
Q

____ is the absence of urine production

A

Anuria

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9
Q

____ is the process of using a machine to filter waste products and salts to remove access fluid in the blood

A

Dialysis

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10
Q

_____ is albumin in the urine

A

Albuminuria

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11
Q

____ is protein in urine

A

Proteinuria

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12
Q

___ is another term for urinate

A

Void or micturate

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13
Q

What is the contents of urine

A

95% water and 5% solutes dissolved in water-minerals and salts and nitrogenous waste products

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14
Q

What are three waste products that are removed during urination

A
  1. Urea
  2. Uric acid
  3. Creatinine
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15
Q

The _____ filter the waste products from blood and is eliminated via urination

A

Kidneys

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16
Q

What’s the four characteristics of urine

A

Color, clarity, amount, and odor

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17
Q

Normal urine color

A

Straw colored and clear without sediment

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18
Q

What is the PH of urine

A

4.5-8.0

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19
Q

A diet high in protein or cranberries will cause the pH to be _____ or ________

A

Lower or more acidic

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20
Q

A diet high in citrus fruits, dairy products, or vegetables will cause the pH to be ___ or _______

A

Higher or more alkaline

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21
Q

UTIs make urine more which one (acidic or alkaline)

A

Alkaline

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22
Q

_____ ____ is the result of compacting the weight of a substance with the weight of an equal amount of water

A

Specific gravity

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23
Q

What does it mean when the specific gravity of urine is low

A

Urine is more dilute

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24
Q

What does it mean when the specific gravity is high

A

Means urine is more concentrated

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25
Q

What would cause a LOW gravity intake

A

Excessive fluid intake or impaired kidney function

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26
Q

What would cause a high specific gravity

A

Dehydration; hemorrhage, or diabetes Mellitus

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27
Q

The urge to void is felt when 200-400 mL of urine has collected

A

Know

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28
Q

Normal voiding patterns.
The average adults urinates 4-6 times per day. Urinary frequency and volume of output are directly related to fluid intAke

A

Know

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29
Q

Is it normal to routinely get up during the night to urinate?

A

No

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30
Q

When assisting with toileting you should

  1. Offer the opportunity to go after meals and bedtime
  2. Males may need urinals for voiding
  3. Use a fracture pan, it’s smaller and flatter
  4. Provide privacy and avoid rushing
  5. Offer opportunity to perform hand hygiene
A

Know

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31
Q

A rapid weight gain of 2-3 lbs overnight indicates

A

Fluid retention

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32
Q

Patients who urinate with increased frequency may be exhibiting symptoms of ____,____&____ ___

A

UTI, bladder inflammation, diabetes mellitus

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33
Q

Painful or difficult urination is called

A

Dysuria

34
Q

What is ordered to obtain an uncontaminated urine for urinalysis

A

A clean catch midstream

35
Q

When doing a clean catch instruct the patient to clean the urinary meatus with disposable antiseptic wipes prior to voiding.
Begin voiding and then stop the stream and continue voiding into the specimen container

A

Know

36
Q

One of the most diagnostic tests ordered in the healthcare setting is

A

UA

37
Q

When you obtain a specimen, transport it to the laboratory immediately or store it in the fridge. How long do you have to transport the urine?

A

1 hr

38
Q

Urine that is left standing longer than 1 hour starts to break down, and test becomes ineffective

A

Know

39
Q

The most common timed urine specimen is a

A

24 hr urine collection

40
Q

How to do a 24 hr urine

  1. Ask pt to void and discard urine. This begins with patient having empty bladder
    2: note exact time that urine is voided and discarded and this begins 24 hr period
  2. Post signs on patients room and on door stating 24 hr collection in progress, include date and time it is to end
  3. Collect every drop and pour it into specified container-keep on ice or in fridge
  4. If pt has indwelling cath place collection bag on ice and empty into 24 hr container
  5. If any urine is discarded during period the test must be restarted
A

Know

41
Q

At the end of a 24 hour urine ask the patient to void one last time and add the urine to the collection container.

A

Know

42
Q

What is another word for kidney stones

A

Renal calculi

43
Q

When a stone passes out of the body it is important to retain it and send it to the lab for analysis.

The provider may order to restrain all urine: once patient voids into specimen pan placed in toilet pour the urine through the strainer.

A

Know

44
Q

______ ____ is the inability to empty the bladder at all or the inability to completely empty the bladder

A

Urinary retention

45
Q

What are some things that can cause urinary retention

A

Kidney stone, enlarged prostate, a tumor, a pregnant uterus, an infection, or scar tissue

46
Q

An enlarged prostate is a frequent cause of urinary retention

A

Know

47
Q

_____ ____ is the urine that remains in the bladder after the patient voids

A

Residual urine

48
Q

Normally the max amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding is ___ml

A

100mL

49
Q

What device is used to measure the amount of residual urine

A

Bladder scan

50
Q

When a person wakes during the night to urinate the condition is known as

A

Nocturia

51
Q

If a patient has nocturia it may be due to heart failure, diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled diabetes, enlarged prostate, or kidney disease.

A

Know

52
Q

The inability to control the passing of urine is called

A

Urinary incontinence

53
Q

Incontinence is more common in which gender

A

Women

54
Q

____ incontinence occurs with increased abdominal pressure which causes urine to leak out of the bladder. More common in women than women. Coughing, sneezing, laughing, vomiting can cause this

A

Stress

55
Q

___ incontinence is also called overactive bladder and it’s the inability to keep urine in the bladder long enough to get to the restroom. Caused by bladder spasms or contractions that cause involuntary passing urine

A

Urge

56
Q

____ incontinence occurs when the bladder is distended due to an obstruction, which prevents bladder from emptying normally. In men most common cause in enlarged prostate

A

Overflow

57
Q

____ incontinence occurs when a person is unable to reach a bathroom to urinate

A

Transitional

58
Q

____ incontinence is the loss of urine with no warning. A person is unaware of the void and makes no effort to get to bathroom

A

Total

59
Q

_____ incontinence occurs when the nerves that control the bladder and surrounding structures are not getting the message to the brain that the bladder is full

A

Neuropathic

60
Q

What is a treatment for stress incontinence

A

Kegel exercises

61
Q

____ catheter is used to help

  1. Relieve acute urinary retention or urinary obstruction
  2. To obtain accurate urine output measurements in severely ill.
  3. Prevent urine contact with an open wound in sacral or perineal area
  4. Prevent complications during or after surgeries
  5. To make the patient more comfortable at the end of life
A

Indwelling cath

62
Q

_____ catheters are to assist with a patient who cannot empty fully and it does not remain in bladder

A

Straight cath

63
Q

A three way cath is used for

A

Irrigation

64
Q

If a patient caths themselves in a home setting what technique can they use to prevent spread of bacteria

A

Clean technique

65
Q

This type of cath needs caution as it can cut off the circulation of the penis

A

Condom cath

66
Q

This cath is used to pass more thoroughly through an enlarged prostate gland. It has a curved tip

A

Coude cath

67
Q

What is a reason to irrigate a cath

A

To keep it patent

68
Q

What size French does an adult need for cath size

A

14-16 size French

69
Q

What allergies do you need to access for before doing a cath?

A

Latex and iodine

70
Q

You will empty a drainage bag every ___ hours or when it is full then document amount

A

8 hours

71
Q

You will provide perineal and catheter care together at least once a shift and anytime the cath becomes contaminated by a bowel movement to prevent UTI

A

Know

72
Q

Always use downward strokes as upward strokes encourage movement of microorganisms into the bladder

A

Know

73
Q

It is no longer recommended to change any Caths at routine times, such as every 30 days

A

Know

74
Q

In a suprapubic cath
1. Only 3-5mL of sterile water is placed in the balloon so that amt will be withdrawn before an existing cath is removed or replaced
2. Once existing cath is removed clean around suprapubic tract with sterile swabs
3 gently insert lubricated cath only 1-3 inches at a 10-30 degree angle
4. Insert 3-5 mL of sterile water into balloon and tug very slightly to seat the cath into bladder opening

A

Know

75
Q

_____ ____ ____ is caused by the presence of pathogens within the urinary tract

A

Urinary tract infection

76
Q

80% of UTIs are caused by bacteria from the bowel. More common in women.

A

Know

77
Q

The body’s defense mechanisms help prevent UTIs. The pH of urine is acidic to help kill bacteria, vaginal secretions are also acidic which inhibits microorganisms from the rectum migrating into the bladder. When a person voids it flushed bacteria from the urinary tract.

A

Know

78
Q

Spermicidal gels also can increase the incidence of uti, the use of diaphragms and sexual intercourse

Empty bladder after intercourse.
Avoid bath salts; perfumes, or bubble bath.
Empty bladder throughout day

A

Know

79
Q 
Symptoms of UTI 
Urinary frequency
Dysuria
Low abdominal pain
Incontinence 
If one has fever flank pain, nausea and vomiting it has likely spread to kidneys.

UTIs are treated by urinary analgesics, antibiotics, increased fluid intake, and rest. Drink cranberry juice. Consume 64 oz of non caffeinated fluid a day

A

Know

80
Q

Best way to irrigate is through a

A

3 way

Ch 31 Urination (1 decks)

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