Urine Flashcards
Benefits
- easy urine sample prep
- fully automated
- analytically sensitive
- results separate proteins into zones, simplifying interpretation
- consistency of sample concentration and results
Sebia Instruments output
Octa
- 8 capillaries
- Urine 70 samples/hour
- Urine IT 9 samples/hour
Tera
- 12 capillaries
- Urine 101 samples/h
- Urine IT 12 samples/h
Interpretation
- normal
- mild proteinuria
- glomerular pattern
- tubular pattern
- mixed/combined
- nonselective proteinuria
- overflow proteinuria
Normal pattern
- low total protein
- albumin may be present, but little to no other bands
Mild Proteinuria
Higher TP than normal, but not excessive
typically only albumin seen, rare cases may have glomerular, tubular, or even nonselective pattern
appears in cases of congestive heart failure, pregnancy, heavy alcohol consumption, drug reactions (typically resolves in 2 days)
Glomerular Proteinuria
Prominent Albumin, beta 1 (transferrin) present. Sometimes alpha 1 present.
Typically high TP, excreting high MW proteins
results in nephrotic pattern in serum
common causes: diabetes and some immunological diseases
Tubular Proteinuria
- kidneys extreting LMW proteins (low molecular weight)
- albumin (may be absent) , alpha 1 (micro globulin), beta 2 (microglobulin) present
High TP, not as high as glomerular
Albumin similar in height to the rest of the pattern
common causes: ischemia, heavy metals, toxins, some syndromes
Combined/Mixed proteinuria
- injury to glomerulus and tubules
- large albumin peak, with abundant extra peaks in alpha and beta
- “glomerular pattern plus alpha 2 doublets”
Non-selective proteinuria
- severe non-selective proteinuria looks like serum, especially in the gamma region
system can’t tell the difference between large and small MW proteins, just “leaking serum”
Overflow Proteinuria
- monoclonal free light chains or other proteins
production of small MW proteins overwhelms the tubules: FL monoclonal pours into the urine, and tubules can’t re-uptake it all back into the serum
How long before analysis
Within 24 hours of processing
