Urinary_Brainscape Flashcards
Germ Layers that form the Urinary System
Intermediate Mesoderm & Endoderm
Position of Intermediate Mesoderm Differentiation
Retroperitoneal
Pronephroi (Where, When, Function?)
C5-C7, Wk 4, Non-functional, PRONEPHRIC DUCT
Mesonephroi (Where, When, Function)
T1-L3, Wk 4-10, Filter waste, Mesonephric Tubule-> Primordial Nephron, Mesonephric Duct
Metanephroi (Where, When, Function)
Pelvic Region, Wk 5/9-10, Definitive Kidney
Ureteric Bud
Epithelium from IM, Ureter, Renal Pelvis, Major/Minor Calyces, Collecting Ducts/Tubules
Metanephric Blastema
Mesenchyme from IM, Nephron (Bowman’s Capsule, Prox. Conv. Tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal Conv. Tubule)
How does the definitive kidney form?
Recipricol Induction between the Ureteric Bud Epithelium and the Metanephric Mesenchyme
Explain the lobulations of the fetal kidneys
Nephrons meet the collecting ducts and grow at different rates, causing lobulations that smooth out after birth with further nephron growth (size, not #)
What causes the kidneys to ascend?
Growth of the sacral and lumbar regions of the body
How do the kidneys receive blood during ascent?
Transient arteries that form and degenerate
Function of the Urorectal Septum
Forms the perineal body while dividing the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and anorectal canal
The parts of the cloaca
Cranial/Vesical, Pelvic, Caudal/Phalic
Cranial/Vesical Cloaca becomes…
the Urinary bladder in both sexes
Pelvic part of the Cloaca becomes…
Membranous & Prostatic Urethra in Males; entire Urethra in Females
Caudal/Phalic part of Cloaca becomes…
part of the Penile Urethra in Males; Vestibule in Females
Trigone of the Bladder is derived from
Mesonephric Ducts (IM); Cranial proliferations causes caudal growth
Relation of Ureters to the Mesonephric ducts in the Trigone
Ureters are pulled cranial by the kidneys, Mesonephric ducts are pulled caudal by the testis
Bilateral Renal Agenisis
Incompatible with life, causes Oligohydramnios –> Potters Sequence
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
Compatible with life, asymptomatic
Autosomal Dominant PKD
Cysts grow in the kidneys later in life (30-40s) causing renal failure; transplants or dialysis possible
Autosomal Recessive PKD
Cysts grow in the kidneys in utero or within the first few years of life, usually fatal
Pelvic Kidney
Kidneys fail to ascend; Higher chance of urinary tract infections, otherwise asymptomatic
Horshoe Kidney
Metanephric Mesenchyme of both kidneys fuse caudally and get caught on the IMA during ascent; increased risk of Urinary tract infections
Accessory Renal Arteries
Transient arteries do not degenerate during ascent; Supply specific segment of kidney; damage to this artery will cause necrosis only to the specific region it supplied
Urachal Cyst
Asymptomatic until it becomes infected
Urachal Sinus
Usually a urachal cyst that forms an external opening to drain itself; may also be a diverticulum off the bladder
Urachal Fistula
Allows urine to pass from the bladder through the umbilicus
Extrophy of the Bladder/Cloaca
Failure of the ventral body wall to fuse completely ventral to the pelvic region; Cloacal Extrophy more serious; Impedes formation of the urinary and genital systems; may require surgical intervention if not fatal
