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Urinary and Endocrine System Anatomy > Urinary Workbook > Flashcards

Urinary Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

Maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

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2
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

Carries urine from kidneys to bladder

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3
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

Temporally stores urine

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4
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Conducts urine from bladder to exterior

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5
Q

What vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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6
Q

Where does the hilum of the kidney lie?

A

Level of the transpyloric plane

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7
Q

Which of the kidneys is lower and why?

A

Right is lower as liver pushes it down

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8
Q

What are the 4 layers of the kidney?

A

Fibrous renal capsule
Fatty renal capsule
Renal fascia - fibro-fatty tissue
Pararenal fatty tissue - mainly posterior aspect of the kidney

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9
Q

What is the significance of having fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys?

A

Cushioning and protection of kidneys
Also helps stabilise position

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10
Q

What muscles are posteriorly related to the kidney?

A

Diaphragm, psoas major and quadratus lumborum

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11
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retro peritonised

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12
Q

What is 1 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Suprarenal gland

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13
Q

What is 2 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Liver

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14
Q

What is 3 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Duodenum

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15
Q

What is 4 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Right colic flexure

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16
Q

What is 5 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Jejunum

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17
Q

What is 1 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Suprarenal gland

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18
Q

What is 2 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Stomach

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19
Q

What is 3 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Spleen

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20
Q

What is 4 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Pancreas

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21
Q

What is 5 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Left colic flexure

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22
Q

What is 6 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Jejunum

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23
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the kidneys

A

Sympathetic nerves originate in T12 and L1 spinal segments - pass through coeliac ganglia and along renal artery
Parasympathetic nerves are derived from the vagus nerve

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24
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys

A

Lymph from the kidneys drain to para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries

25
Q

What embryological structure does the definitive kidney develop from?

A

Metanephric mesoderm

26
Q

What embryological structure does the ureter develop from?

A

Ureteric bud

27
Q

What is 1?

A

Renal pyramid

28
Q

What is 5?

A

Hilum of kidney

29
Q

What is 6?

A

Renal pelvis

30
Q

What is 7?

A

Ureter

31
Q

What is 8?

A

Minor calyx

32
Q

What is 9?

A

Fibrous capsule

33
Q

What is 15?

A

Major calyx

34
Q

What is 17?

A

Renal column

35
Q

What is included in the outer cortex of the kidney?

A

Bowman’s capsule, distal and proximal convoluted tubule, interlobular artery, peritubular capillaries and glomerulus

36
Q

What is included in the inner medulla of the kidney?

A

Loop of Henle and collecting duct

37
Q

What is A?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

38
Q

What is B?

A

Glomerulus

39
Q

What is C?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

40
Q

What is D?

A

Descending limb of loop of Henle

41
Q

What is E?

A

Ascending limb of loop of Henle

42
Q

What is AB?

A

Collecting duct

43
Q

What vertebral level does the renal arteries come off the abdominal aorta?

A

L1-L2

44
Q

What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney?

A

Divides into 5 segmental arteries which are end arteries

45
Q

Describe the relationship of the renal veins to the aorta

A

Left renal vein travels anterior to aorta and is relatively long
Right renal vein travels direct and relatively short

46
Q

Describe the relationship of the renal arteries to the IVC

A

Right renal artery travels posterior to the IVC and is relatively long
Left renal artery travels direct and is relatively short

47
Q

How is the ureter peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

48
Q

Where does the proximal and distal part of the ureter lie?

A

Proximal in abdominal cavity
Distal in pelvic cavity

49
Q

What muscle does the ureter lie on?

A

Psoas major

50
Q

Describe the course of the ureter

A

Dilatation called renal pelvis which is posterior to renal vessels
Descends and lies of psoas major
Crosses anteriorly to bifurcation of common iliac artery, then along lateral wall of pelvis and turns medially to reach bladder

51
Q

What artery crosses the ureter superiorly in females?

A

Uterine artery

52
Q

What crosses the ureter superiorly in males?

A

Vas deferens

53
Q

What are the 3 constrictions of the ureter where calculi may lodge?

A

Junction of ureter and renal pelvis
Ureter crosses brim of the pelvic inlet
During passing through wall of urinary bladder

54
Q

What is the trigone of the urinary bladder?

A

Is triangular area located in fundus
Where left and right ureters enter bladder - ureteric orifice
Urethral opening
Trigone has smooth walls

55
Q

What are the 4 tissue layers of the urinary bladder?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Propria
Serosa

56
Q

What are the peritoneal relations of the urinary bladder?

A

Parietal peritoneum from inferior part of anterior abdominal wall drapes over superior surface of bladder and dips behind posterior surface to form peritoneal pouches

57
Q

What kind of epithelium is the urinary bladder and ureter?

A

Transitional epithelium

58
Q

What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium on urinary bladder and ureter?

A

Can stretch and contract as bladder fills and empties

Urinary and Endocrine System Anatomy (4 decks)

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