Urinary Tract Infections

Question 1

micturition

Answer 1

urination

Question 2

bacteriuria

Answer 2

presence of bacteria in the urine

Question 3

pyelonephritis

Answer 3

kidney infection

Question 4

cystitis

Answer 4

infection confined to the bladder

Question 5

urethritis

Answer 5

inflammation of the urethra

Question 6

prostatitis

Answer 6

prostate infection

Question 7

lower UTI infections

Answer 7

cystitis,urethritis,prostatitis

Question 8

upper UTI infections

Answer 8

• Upper UTI: pyelonephritis, intra- renal abscess, perinephric abscess (usually late complications of pyelonephritis)

Question 9

what is deemed an uncomplicated UTI

Answer 9

infection in a structurally and neurological normal urinary tract with a short duration

Question 10

what is deemed a complicated UTI

Answer 10

infection in a urinary tract with functional or structural abnormalities, this is cystitis with a long duration or haemorrhage cystitis

Question 11

signs and symptoms of lower UTI infections

Answer 11

– Frequency of micturition
– Urgency to urinate
– Dysuria
– Suprapubic pain & tenderness 
– Haematuria
– Smelly / cloudy urine

Question 12

• Infection of pelvis and kidney (acute pyelonephritis):

Answer 12

– Loin pain & tenderness
– High fever
– Systemically unwell

Question 13

Host defenses

Answer 13

• Urine - osmolality, pH
• Sloughing of epithelial cells
• Urine flow and micturition
• Mucosal inhibitors of bacterial adherence
• Complement activation
• Inflammatory response
• Immune responses
• Commensals

Question 14

most common cause of UTI

Answer 14

e.coli

Question 15

UTI Diagnosis

Answer 15

• Clinical
• Urine dipstick
• Laboratory diagnosis

Question 16

DO NOT use dipstick test for diagnosing UTI in

Answer 16

older people or people with indwelling catheters

Question 17

Indications for urine culture

Answer 17

• Children
• Male UTI
• Immunosupressed
• Pregnancy
• Toxic appearance
• Underlying medical / urologic disorder
• Recentlyhospitalized
• Recentlyinstrumented
• Recently on antibiotics
• Recent treatment failure

Question 18

Treatment of UTIs

Answer 18

• Drink plenty of water

* Don’t “hold on”!

Question 19

Complications

Answer 19

• Recurrentinfections
• Permanent kidney damage from an acute or chronic
kidney infection
• Pyelonephritis due to an untreated UTI.
• Increased risk in pregnant women of delivering low birth weight or premature infants.
• Urethral narrowing (stricture) in men from recurrent urethritis, previously seen with gonococcal urethritis.
• Sepsis, a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection