Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
micturition
urination
bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
pyelonephritis
kidney infection
cystitis
infection confined to the bladder
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
prostatitis
prostate infection
lower UTI infections
cystitis,urethritis,prostatitis
upper UTI infections
• Upper UTI: pyelonephritis, intra- renal abscess, perinephric abscess (usually late complications of pyelonephritis)
what is deemed an uncomplicated UTI
infection in a structurally and neurological normal urinary tract with a short duration
what is deemed a complicated UTI
infection in a urinary tract with functional or structural abnormalities, this is cystitis with a long duration or haemorrhage cystitis
signs and symptoms of lower UTI infections
– Frequency of micturition – Urgency to urinate – Dysuria – Suprapubic pain & tenderness – Haematuria – Smelly / cloudy urine
• Infection of pelvis and kidney (acute pyelonephritis):
– Loin pain & tenderness
– High fever
– Systemically unwell
Host defenses
- Urine - osmolality, pH
- Sloughing of epithelial cells
- Urine flow and micturition
- Mucosal inhibitors of bacterial adherence
- Complement activation
- Inflammatory response
- Immune responses
- Commensals
most common cause of UTI
e.coli
UTI Diagnosis
- Clinical
- Urine dipstick
- Laboratory diagnosis
DO NOT use dipstick test for diagnosing UTI in
older people or people with indwelling catheters
Indications for urine culture
- Children
- Male UTI
- Immunosupressed
- Pregnancy
- Toxic appearance
- Underlying medical / urologic disorder
- Recentlyhospitalized
- Recentlyinstrumented
- Recently on antibiotics
- Recent treatment failure
Treatment of UTIs
- Drink plenty of water
* Don’t “hold on”!
Complications
• Recurrentinfections
• Permanent kidney damage from an acute or chronic
kidney infection
• Pyelonephritis due to an untreated UTI.
• Increased risk in pregnant women of delivering low birth weight or premature infants.
• Urethral narrowing (stricture) in men from recurrent urethritis, previously seen with gonococcal urethritis.
• Sepsis, a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection
