Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3B week 4 - haematuria etc. > urinary tract infections > Flashcards

urinary tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

are women or men more at risk of UTIs?

A

women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the defence mechanisms of the urinary tract

A
  1. commensal bacteria (e.g. vaginal lactobacilli)
  2. general immune system
  3. urine -> pH, chemical content and flushing mechanism
  4. uriteric peristalsis
  5. emptying of bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can severe UTI result in

A

loss of renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does UTI infectionn spread

A

ascending route -> from urethra to bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the most common pathogen implicated in UTI

A

E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

uncomplicated vs complicated UTI

A

uncomplicated - normal urinary tract
complicated - functional or anatomical abnormality, presence of catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is an isolated UTI

A

no previous UTI for 6 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a recurrent UTI

A

> 2 infections in 6 months or >3 in 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

acute lower UTI presentaiton

A
  1. dysuria
  2. urgency
  3. frequency
    in elderly or those with indwelling catheters it may be asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes for recurrent UTIs (2)

A
  1. relapses caused by the same strain of organism (inadequate mgx)
  2. re-infection by different organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can reccurent UTIs result in

A

chronic inflammatory changes in the bladder, prostate and periurethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is cystitis

A

an infection of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms of cystitis (5)

A
  1. Frequency and urgency
  2. Suprapubic pain on postponing
  3. Dysuria
  4. Foul smelling discoloured urine
  5. Mild systemic upset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cystitis mgx (6)

A

non pharmacalogical:
1. fluids
2. alkalinisation of urine (potassium citrate)
pharma:
3. trimethoprim 200mg qds
4. nitrofurantoin 5-100mg qds
5. fosfomycin
6. cefalexin 250mg TDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what bacteria are commonly implicated in complicated UTIs (4)

A
  1. enterobacteria e.g. proteus spp, klebsiella spp, citrobacter spp, enterobacter spp
  2. pseudomonas aeruginosa
  3. GBS
  4. candida spp (yeast)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what bacteria are commonly implicated in uncomplicated UTIs

A
  1. E.coli
  2. enterobacteria (K.pneumoniae)
  3. S.saprophyticus
17
Q

what abx should NOT be given in UTIs

A

amoxicillin -> due to risk of resistance

18
Q

what abx can be given in cystitis (4)

A
  1. nitrofurantoin
  2. trimethoprim
  3. cephalexin
  4. fosfomycin
19
Q

what abx should not be given in pyelopnephritis

A
  1. nitrofurantoin
  2. fosfomycin
  3. pivmecillinam
  4. cephalexin
20
Q

what abx should be used for pyelonephritis

A

IV gentamicin

21
Q

what abx can be used in pseudamonas urinary tract infection (6)

A
  1. IV gentamicin
  2. IV piperacillin/tazobactam
  3. IV aztreonam
  4. IV meropenem
  5. IV ceftazidime
  6. IV/PO ciprofloxacin
22
Q

what must be done prior to starting abx

A

take specimins for culture and urinanalysis

23
Q

can a pt with a catheter have a UTI

A

YES - all pts with catheters will have bacteriuria after 3 days or so -> make sure to take catheters into consideration when a pt presents with fever and confusion

24
Q

mgx for recurrent UTI (10)

A

conservative:
1. good hygiene practices
2. drink plenty
3. void bladder after sex
4. timed voiding

medical:
5. cranberry capsules
6. D-mannose
7. topical oestrogen
8. Hiprex with vit C
9. intravesical glycosaminoglycans
10. low dose abx prophylaxis for 6 months

25
infected obstructive kidney mgx
urgent decompression -> ureteric stent or nephrostomy
26
pyelonephritis presentation
1. sepsis 2. pain in loin to groin 3. urinary symtpoms (dysuria, frquency etc.)
27
what is Epididymoorchitis
the epididymis (at the back of the testicles) becomes swollen and painful
28
Epididymoorchitis ddz
1. torsion 2. STI
29
Epididymoorchitis zbx
1. ceftriaxone 2. doxycycline 3. cipro?
30
where is the sample taken from if prostatitis suspected
the urethra with a prostate massage
31
prostatisis mgc
1. IV gentamycin in acute settings 2. extended course of quinolone (4-6wks) as out pt 3. tamsulosin 4. NSIADs (avoid if giving quinolones)
32
what is the most frequent cause of haematuria in the world
schistomiasis
33
complications of prostatitis
1. prostatic abscess 2. chronic pelvic pain syndrome
34
what is fournier's gangrene
rare but deadly infection of the genital and perineum -> necrotising fasciitis of scrotum and perineum which can spread to lower abdo
35
risk factors for fournier's gangrene
1. diabetese mellitus 2. hypertension 3. immunosuppression 4. poor nutrition
36
what can urinary TB present with (2)
1. fever 2. night sweats 3. loin pain 4. haematuria
37
what areas does urinary TB affect
kidnet, ureter, bladder, prostate, epididymis
38
TB mgx
RIPE R- rifampicin I - isoniazide P - pyrazinamide E - ethambutol
39
schistomiasis mgx (4)
1. prazquantel 2. steroids 3. surgery 4. reconstruction

3B week 4 - haematuria etc. (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions