Urinary tract infection Flashcards
1
Q
How does a UTI present?
A
Cystitis:
- Dysuria
- Haematuria
- Suprapubic pain
- Increased frequency
- Increased urgency
Acute Pyelonephritis: high fever, rigors, vomiting, loin pain, tenderness, oliguria
Prostatitis:
- Flu-like symptoms
- Low backache
- Few urinary symtpoms
- Swollen or tender prostate
2
Q
What are the different type of urinary tract infections?
A
Urethra = Urethritis Bladder = cysits Prostate = Prostatits
Upper UTI
Renal pelvis = pyelonephritis
3
Q
What are the risk factors for UTI’s?
A
Sexual intercourse Exposure to spermicide (in males) Pregnancy Menopause Decreased host defence Urinary tract obstruction, stone, catheter or malformation.
4
Q
Which microorganism is the most common for UTI’s?
A
E. Coli (75-95%)
5
Q
How do you test for a UTI?
A
Urine dipstick Urine culture FBC (?infection) U&E (?renal function) CRP (?infection)
6
Q
When would you consider USS and referral to urology?
A
UTI in children UTI in men Failure to respond to treatment Recurrent UTI (>2/year) Pyelonephritis Unusual organism Persistent haematuria
7
Q
How can a UTI be prevented?
A
Drink more water
Antibiotic prophylaxis (continuously or post-coital)
Cranberry juice
8
Q
How is a UTI treated?
A
1st line = Trimethoprim (3 days)
2nd line = Nitrofurantoin (7 days)
