Urinary Tract

Question 1

Kidney function

Answer 1

Maintain body fluids-volume and composition
Clear wastes
Maintain acid base balance
Excrete drugs and drug metabolites
Regulation of vitamin D blood pressure RBC production

Question 2

Muscle layer

Answer 2

Urinary tract antispasmodic work here

Question 3

Endothelial layer

Answer 3

Bladder protectants work here

Question 4

Urethra

Answer 4

Alpha blockers used to treat BPH work on urethra

Question 5

Prostate gland

Answer 5

Testosterone blockers used to treat BPH work here

Question 6

Muscle layer

Answer 6

Urinary tract antiinfectives work here

Question 7

Fundus of bladder

Answer 7

Unitary tract analgesics work here

Question 8

Antiinfectives

Answer 8

Antibiotics-direct antibiotic effect-interfere with bacteria production-bacteria cell death
Fostomycin:one time dose

Question 9

Acidification of urine

Answer 9

Produces environment not conductive to bacterial survival, bacteria cell death, use tx chronic UTI, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and prophylaxis.
-methenamine
Methylene blue

Question 10

Antispasmodic

Answer 10

Block parasympathetic activity-suppresses overactivity-relaxation of detrusor and UT muscles
-anticholinergic drugs

Question 11

Antispasmodic

Answer 11

Darifenacin 
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Oxybutynin
Trospium

Question 12

Beta3 agonist

Answer 12

Stimulates the sympathetic nerves in the bladder
More urine to accumulate in bladder-increase muscle pressure and urine flow rate
Increase BP and HR

Question 13

Mirabegron

Answer 13

Treat over reactive bladder-frequency and urgency

Question 14

Nursing assessment

Answer 14

Monitor urinary output

Monitor for: parasympathetic system -nausea, dry mouth, nervousness, tachycardia, and vision changes

Question 15

Nursing considerations

Answer 15

Eye exam for long term use
Sips of water or candy for dry mouth
Monitor for hypertension with beta 3 agonist-mirabegon

Question 16

Analgesics

Answer 16

Phenazopyridine
Direct topical analgesic effect on urinary tract mucosa
Symptom relief
Drug is a dye-urine may be reddish brown and stain
Use of drug longer than 2 days-increase toxins such as hepatic toxicity

Question 17

Bladder protectant

Answer 17

Pentosan polysulfate sodium
Adhere to bladder mucosal wall-protects from irritation
Used to treat pain and interstitial cystitis
Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects
Avoid use any condition that includes bleeding risk

Question 18

Bladder protectant cont

Answer 18

Administer on empty stomach. 1 he before or 2 after meal
Monitor labs for bleeding
Alopecia is may develop
Petechiae-bruising

Question 19

Benign prostate hyperplasia

Answer 19

Prostate enlarged-discomfort difficultly intimating stream, bloating

Question 20

Drugs for treating BPH

Answer 20

Alfuzosin
Doxazosin
Silodosin
Tamsulosin
Terazosin

Question 21

Benign prostate hyperplasia

Answer 21

Block test production- inhibit intracellular enzyme that converts test to androgen di hydro test-develops and maintains prostate