Urinary Test Flashcards
the urinary system consists of what 3 parts
kidneys, ureters, bladder
where are the kidneys located
anterior to deep back muscles in the peri-renal space of peritoneum
order that (ureter, vein, artery) enter or exit from the hilum of the kidney from ant. to post.
vein, arter, ureter
the kidney consists of what 5 parts
renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, descending/ascending portion of Henle’s loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule
in relation to the right kidney the liver is _
superolateral
in relation to the right kidney the adrenal gland is _
superomedial
in relation to the right kidney the right colic flexure is _
inferior
in relation to the right kidney the 2nd portion of the duodenum is _
medial
in relation to the left kidney the adrenal gland and spleen are _
superior
in relation to the left kidney the pancreatic tail is _
anterior to the upper pole
in relation to the left kidney the left colic flexure is _
inferior
which kidney is the most superior
left kidney
the ureters insert into the / portion of the bladder
inferior/lateral
what are the 2 deep back muscles that lie posterior to the kidneys
psoas muscle and quadrattus lumborum muscle
_ _ is the fibrous sheath encasing the kidneys and adrenal glands
Gerota’s fascia
the _ junction is the connection of the ureter to the kidney
utero-pelvic
the _ junction is the connection of the ureter into the bladder
uterovesicle
what is the normal wall thickness of the urinary bladder if distended
less than 3 mm
4 branches of main renal artery in order (and location)
- segmental arteries (at hilum)
- interlobar (level of medullary pyramids)
- arcuate (parallel/adjacent to renal)
- interlobular (smallest renal arteries, run perpendicular to renal capsule)
what is the main function of the kidneys
to remove waste from the body via excretion of urine
the kidneys adjust _ balance in the blood to maintain _
electrolyte; homeostasis
list normal organs seen sonographically in order by decreasing echogenicity (liver, pancreas, renal sinus, renal cortex)
renal sinus, pancreas, spleen/liver, renal cortex
what two structures, if enlarged may cause an indentation of the posterior bladder wall
uterus or prostate gland
what renal variant is characterized by hypertrophy of the renal cortical tissue between the medullary pyramids
Column of Bertin
_ _ is a common renal variant of cortical thickening on the lateral aspect of the left kidney
Dromedary Hump
_ _ _ appears sonographically as a triangular hyper echoic area on the anterior aspect of the right kidney
Junctional Parenchymal Defect
_ is a frequent complication of an ectopic ureter, in which there is a prolapse of the distal ureter into the bladder, resulting in hydrometer and hydronephrosis of the _ pole collecting system of the kidney
Uterocele; upper
_ _ refers to unilateral or bilateral absence of the kidneys and is seen as _ in utero
Renal Genesis; oligohydramnious
/ kidney refers to a kidney that fails to ascend from the pelvis
ectopic/pelvic
_ _ _ is a renal variant where renal sinus and perirenal fat increases and replaces the normal renal parenchyma
Renal Sinus Lipomatosis
_ _ appears as a cystic collection medial to the renal hilum
Extrarenal Pelvis
_ _ is the most common fusion anomaly in which the _ poles of the kidneys are connected by an isthmus _ to the aorta
Horseshoe Kidney; lower; anterior
_ _ _ _ is the anomaly in which both kidneys are seen on one side of the abdomen and one of the ureters must cross the midline
Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia
_ _ _ is the anomaly in which the kidneys fuse to form a round, flattened mass in the pelvis
Fused Pelvic Kidney (aka Discoid or Pancake Kidney)
what are the 3 classifications of renal masses
cystic, solid, complex
ultrasound is utilized post-procedure following a guided biopsy or aspiration in order to monitor
potential bleeding or fluid collections
what are the sonographic criteria for a simple cyst (4)
smooth, well-defined borders, anechoic, posterior enhancement
simple renal cyst occur in _% of people over the age of 50
50
what are the 3 types of renal cysts
peripelvic, paraplegic, pyelogenic
what are 3 possible appearances of an atypical renal cyst
multiple thick separations, irregular walls, solid components
Autosomal Dominant (adult) polycystic kidney disease presents as _ _ _ caused by numerous cysts of various sizes, it is associated with what type of aneurysm
bilateral renal enlargement; berry aneurysms
what happens in advanced stages of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
renal failure and hypertension
_ _ _ _ _ is the most common genetically determined childhood cystic disease of the kidneys
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease presents as bilateral enlarged _ kidneys. The appearance is due to _ _ _ throughout kidney there is a loss of _ _ _. It may be detected in utero with _
hyperechoic; multiple small cysts; cortical medullary distinction; oligohydramnious
_ _ _ is a development of multiple cysts in chronically failed kidneys, seen in patients who have received long-term hemodialysis
Acquired Cystic Disease
_ _ _ _ is a genetic tumor disorder affecting multiple organs, including the kidneys. Characterized by retinal and central nervous system tumors
Von-Hippel Lindau Disease
