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Abdominal Sonography II > Urinary Test > Flashcards

Urinary Test Flashcards

1
Q

the urinary system consists of what 3 parts

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder

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2
Q

where are the kidneys located

A

anterior to deep back muscles in the peri-renal space of peritoneum

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3
Q

order that (ureter, vein, artery) enter or exit from the hilum of the kidney from ant. to post.

A

vein, arter, ureter

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4
Q

the kidney consists of what 5 parts

A

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, descending/ascending portion of Henle’s loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule

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5
Q

in relation to the right kidney the liver is _

A

superolateral

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6
Q

in relation to the right kidney the adrenal gland is _

A

superomedial

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7
Q

in relation to the right kidney the right colic flexure is _

A

inferior

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8
Q

in relation to the right kidney the 2nd portion of the duodenum is _

A

medial

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9
Q

in relation to the left kidney the adrenal gland and spleen are _

A

superior

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10
Q

in relation to the left kidney the pancreatic tail is _

A

anterior to the upper pole

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11
Q

in relation to the left kidney the left colic flexure is _

A

inferior

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12
Q

which kidney is the most superior

A

left kidney

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13
Q

the ureters insert into the / portion of the bladder

A

inferior/lateral

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14
Q

what are the 2 deep back muscles that lie posterior to the kidneys

A

psoas muscle and quadrattus lumborum muscle

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15
Q

_ _ is the fibrous sheath encasing the kidneys and adrenal glands

A

Gerota’s fascia

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16
Q

the _ junction is the connection of the ureter to the kidney

A

utero-pelvic

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17
Q

the _ junction is the connection of the ureter into the bladder

A

uterovesicle

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18
Q

what is the normal wall thickness of the urinary bladder if distended

A

less than 3 mm

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19
Q

4 branches of main renal artery in order (and location)

A
  • segmental arteries (at hilum)
  • interlobar (level of medullary pyramids)
  • arcuate (parallel/adjacent to renal)
  • interlobular (smallest renal arteries, run perpendicular to renal capsule)
20
Q

what is the main function of the kidneys

A

to remove waste from the body via excretion of urine

21
Q

the kidneys adjust _ balance in the blood to maintain _

A

electrolyte; homeostasis

22
Q

list normal organs seen sonographically in order by decreasing echogenicity (liver, pancreas, renal sinus, renal cortex)

A

renal sinus, pancreas, spleen/liver, renal cortex

23
Q

what two structures, if enlarged may cause an indentation of the posterior bladder wall

A

uterus or prostate gland

24
Q

what renal variant is characterized by hypertrophy of the renal cortical tissue between the medullary pyramids

A

Column of Bertin

25
Q

_ _ is a common renal variant of cortical thickening on the lateral aspect of the left kidney

A

Dromedary Hump

26
Q

_ _ _ appears sonographically as a triangular hyper echoic area on the anterior aspect of the right kidney

A

Junctional Parenchymal Defect

27
Q

_ is a frequent complication of an ectopic ureter, in which there is a prolapse of the distal ureter into the bladder, resulting in hydrometer and hydronephrosis of the _ pole collecting system of the kidney

A

Uterocele; upper

28
Q

_ _ refers to unilateral or bilateral absence of the kidneys and is seen as _ in utero

A

Renal Genesis; oligohydramnious

29
Q

/ kidney refers to a kidney that fails to ascend from the pelvis

A

ectopic/pelvic

30
Q

_ _ _ is a renal variant where renal sinus and perirenal fat increases and replaces the normal renal parenchyma

A

Renal Sinus Lipomatosis

31
Q

_ _ appears as a cystic collection medial to the renal hilum

A

Extrarenal Pelvis

32
Q

_ _ is the most common fusion anomaly in which the _ poles of the kidneys are connected by an isthmus _ to the aorta

A

Horseshoe Kidney; lower; anterior

33
Q

_ _ _ _ is the anomaly in which both kidneys are seen on one side of the abdomen and one of the ureters must cross the midline

A

Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia

34
Q

_ _ _ is the anomaly in which the kidneys fuse to form a round, flattened mass in the pelvis

A

Fused Pelvic Kidney (aka Discoid or Pancake Kidney)

35
Q

what are the 3 classifications of renal masses

A

cystic, solid, complex

36
Q

ultrasound is utilized post-procedure following a guided biopsy or aspiration in order to monitor

A

potential bleeding or fluid collections

37
Q

what are the sonographic criteria for a simple cyst (4)

A

smooth, well-defined borders, anechoic, posterior enhancement

38
Q

simple renal cyst occur in _% of people over the age of 50

A

50

39
Q

what are the 3 types of renal cysts

A

peripelvic, paraplegic, pyelogenic

40
Q

what are 3 possible appearances of an atypical renal cyst

A

multiple thick separations, irregular walls, solid components

41
Q

Autosomal Dominant (adult) polycystic kidney disease presents as _ _ _ caused by numerous cysts of various sizes, it is associated with what type of aneurysm

A

bilateral renal enlargement; berry aneurysms

42
Q

what happens in advanced stages of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A

renal failure and hypertension

43
Q

_ _ _ _ _ is the most common genetically determined childhood cystic disease of the kidneys

A

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

44
Q

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease presents as bilateral enlarged _ kidneys. The appearance is due to _ _ _ throughout kidney there is a loss of _ _ _. It may be detected in utero with _

A

hyperechoic; multiple small cysts; cortical medullary distinction; oligohydramnious

45
Q

_ _ _ is a development of multiple cysts in chronically failed kidneys, seen in patients who have received long-term hemodialysis

A

Acquired Cystic Disease

46
Q

_ _ _ _ is a genetic tumor disorder affecting multiple organs, including the kidneys. Characterized by retinal and central nervous system tumors

A

Von-Hippel Lindau Disease

Abdominal Sonography II (1 decks)

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