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ULTRASOUND > URINARY SYTEM SCANNING PROTOCOL > Flashcards

URINARY SYTEM SCANNING PROTOCOL Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary system includes two kidneys, a ureter for each kidneys, a urinary bladder and a urethra.

A

URINARY SYSTEM

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2
Q

Upper Urinary Tract:

A

Kidneys and Ureter

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3
Q

Lower Urinary Tract

A

Urinary Bladder and Urethra

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4
Q

KIDNEY FUNCTION:

A

Filtration
Excretion
Maintenance
Hormone production

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5
Q

situated lower than the left kidney.

A

right kidney

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6
Q

is posteroinferior to the liver and gallbladder.

A

right kidney

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7
Q

is inferior and medial to the spleen.

A

left kidney

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8
Q

this represents as mid-gray or medium to low-level homogeneous echoes that are less than or equal the density of the liver or spleen.

A

Renal Cortex

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9
Q

Consists of medullary pyramids which appear as triangular, round or blunted anechoic areas when urine-filled, and are otherwise not visible.

A

 Renal Medulla

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10
Q

They are 1.2 to 1.5 cm thick.

A

 Renal Medulla

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11
Q

have a distinctive and readily identifiable appearance, their echo-free presentations is in sharp contrast to the highly echogenic sinus and medium gray cortex.

A

Anechoic pyramids

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12
Q

This presents as the bright echodense ovoid central portion of the kidney with irregular borders.

A

Renal Sinus

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13
Q

The sinus is markedly echogenic due to the dense fat and fibrous tissue it contains.

A

Renal Sinus

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14
Q

It houses the collecting system, lymphatic and renal vessels.

A

Renal Sinus

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15
Q

The outer cover is

A

rind or capsule.

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16
Q

The collecting system is also known as

A

pelvocalyceal or calicopelvic

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17
Q

___ in the pediatric kidneys are more visible than the pyramids in the adult kidney.

A

medullary pyramids

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18
Q

SONOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS

A 
Determination of kidney’s size
For renal masses
To determine structural deformity
Guidance for biopsy and cyst aspiration
Renal transplant evaluation
Detection of stone (nephrolithiasis/renal calculi)
Kidney disease – cancer/metastasis
Fever Unknown Origin (FUO)
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19
Q

TRANSDUCER is ___MHz

A

3.5 MHz

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20
Q

important factors to evaluate the renal parenchyma.

A

 Proper gain settings and sensitivity time control (STC)

21
Q

is best seen using the right lobe of the liver as an acoustic window.

A

right kidney

22
Q

is a good landmark for the left kidney.

23
Q

may shrink due to atrophic changes associated with age, circulatory insufficiency or renal disease.

24
Q

A kidney is considered SMALL when it is less than

25
Q

Classification of Renal Masses:

A

a. Fluid-Filled Mass
b. Solid Mass
c. Complex Renal Masses

26
Q

Fluid filled masses in the renal parenchyma are usually

A

RENAL CYSTS

27
Q

is a round pouch of smooth, thin-walled tissue or a closed pocket that is usually filled with fluid.

A

RENAL CYSTS

28
Q

To be considered a true cyst:

A

a. Anechoic
b. Smooth, well defined borders
c. Exhibit posterior acoustic enhancement

29
Q
  • The most common malignant tumor is
A

renal cell carcinoma

30
Q

The ultrasound pattern of renal cell carcinoma may either be

A

hypoechoic or echogenic, depending on the degree of necrosis.

31
Q

is helpful in differentiating a renal mass with hypoechoic pattern from a renal cyst.

A

Increasing and decreasing the gain

32
Q

exhibit both fluid and solid texture and may be seen in intra-renal abscesses.

A

Complex masses

33
Q

also show a complex pattern.

A

Renal hematomas

34
Q

is the most common benign tumor of the kidney; it is composed of fat, smooth muscle, and abnormal blood vessels.

A

Angiomyolipoma

35
Q

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) also called as

A

Scintillation artifact or twinkle artifact.

36
Q

occurs when urine builds up in the kidneys and cannot drain out to the baldder.

A

Hydronephrosis

37
Q

Three components of hydronephrosis

A

Pelviectasis
Caliectasis
Hydroureter

38
Q

when the lower segment of the ureter is obstructed the urine accumulated in renal pelvis.

A

Pelviectasis

39
Q

dilation of the renal calyces then follows.

A

Caliectasis

40
Q

dilation of the ureter.

A

Hydroureter

41
Q

Grading of Hydronephrosis

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

42
Q

refers to visualization of the collecting system with blurring of the fornices, still with visible sinus echoes.

43
Q

is dilation of the collecting system that fills the sinus w/o evidence for cortical thinning

44
Q

refers to severely dilated, clubbed calyces w/ associated thinning of the cortical parenchyma.

45
Q

condition in which calcium levels in the kidnesys are increased.

A

Nephrocalcinosis

46
Q

Obtain their characteristic shape by forming a cast of the renal pelvis and calices thus resembling the horns of a stag.

A

Staghorn Calculus

47
Q

Staghorn Calculus also called as

A

coral calculi

48
Q

Is a developmental renal anomaly characterized by adnormal anatomical location of one or both of the kidneys.

A

Ectopic Kidney (Renal Ectopia)

ULTRASOUND (5 decks)

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