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Urinary System Study Guide > Urinary System Study Guide > Flashcards

Urinary System Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Stress Incontinence

734

A

Loss of less than 50 ml, caused by coughing, sneezing, laughing.
Occurs after birth/menopause in women
Occurs after prostatectomy and radiation in men

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2
Q

Functional Incontinence

734

A

Caused by environmental, or physical barriers

e. g furniture
e. g loss of memory, or disorientation

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3
Q

Uremia

758-759

A

Urea in blood, that if untreated causes death very quickly! Is caused by CKD, can be treated with CRRT (Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy) in conjunction with hemodialysis.

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4
Q

Purpose of Erythropoietin

719

A

Production of Erythrocytes in bone marrow

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5
Q 
Nephrotoxic Meds (Antibiotics)
758
A

Antibiotics

  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Sulfa drugs
  4. Cefalosporins
  5. Amphotericin B
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6
Q 
Nephrotoxic Meds (Analgesics)
758
A

Analgesics

  1. Acetaminophen
  2. NSAIDS
  3. Salicylates
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7
Q

Nephrotoxins (Heavy Metal)

758

A

Heavy Metal

  1. Arsenic
  2. Gold
  3. Lead
  4. Lithium
  5. Copper
  6. Mercury
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8
Q

Nephrotoxins (Contrast Media)

758

A

Contrast Media, used in diagnostic tests such as IV Pyelograms, and Cardiac Catheters.

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9
Q

Nephrotoxins (Organic Solvents)

758

A

Organic Solvents

  1. Gasoline
  2. Glycols
  3. Kerosene
  4. Tetrachloroethylene
  5. Turpentine
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10
Q

Nephrotoxins (Other Drugs)

758

A

Other Drugs

  1. Ace Inhibitors
  2. Heroin
  3. Interleukin 2
  4. Cisplatin
  5. Dextran
  6. Mannitol
  7. Amphetamines
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11
Q

How much Urine should PT void per hr?

A

30 ml

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12
Q

What do we always tell PT’s about Antibiotics?

A

Take them all!

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13
Q

SATA What do you do if PT has elevated Potassium?

A
  1. Telemetry

2. Report to HCP

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14
Q

SATA, Fistula Care

A
  1. No restrictive clothing
  2. Bruit and Thrill
  3. No Needle Sticks
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15
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Definition: The use of artificial kidneys to remove waste products, and excess fluid from the blood.

How Long: Treatment lasts 3-4 hrs

What it Treats: Good for fluid-overload treatment, such as those that occur during HF.

Side Effects: Weakness, Fatigue, PT may be too tired to eat. Sudden drop in BP, Dizziness, Nausea. Muscle cramps due to fluid and electrolyte drop causing lethargy.

Major Side Effects: Cardiac Arrthymias, Agina

Meds: PTs given large amounts of heparin (anticoagulant) to keep blood from clotting while in the kidneys. This may cause bleeding at site, GI tract, Nose, or injury sites.

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16
Q

CRRT Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

A

Define: Therapy used to remove fluid and solutes in a controlled, but continuous way in unstable patients such as those with AKI. It’s used as a less drastic alternative to hemodialysis. Replacement fluids and electrolytes can be given via vascular access.

How long: Can be used up to 1 month.

Nursing Measures: Monitor I&O’s, fluid & electrolytes, daily weight, hourly vitals, and vascular access.

17
Q

Purpose of Dialysis

A

Used to bring Fluid Balance to the body when Patients, develop signs of severe overload, high potassium levels, acidosis, pericarditis, vomiting, lethargy, fatigue, or life-threatening uremia. Also used to treat drug over-dose

18
Q

What is the most accurate way to determine PT’s Fluid Balance?

A

Daily Weight, at the same time every day, in similar clothes.

19
Q

Normal Vs Abnormal Urinalysis

727

A

Smell
Good: Aromatic
Bad: Foul Smell=Infection Fruity Smell= Diabetic Ketoacidosis

pH
Good: 4.5-8.0
Bad: Low= metabolic acidosis, starvation, diarrhea
High= Infection, renal disease, vomiting

Protien
Good: Less than 20 mg, 24 hr urine 30-150 mg Bad: Foamy urine=damaged glomerulus=Renal Disease

All Good Things:
Glucose: Negative
Ketones: Negative
Bilirubin: Negative
Nitrate: Negative
RBC's: less than 5
WBCs: less than 5
Leukocyte: Negative
Casts: None-Rare
20
Q

Pyelogram

A

X-ray of renal tissue, calyces, pelvises, ureters, bladder, with or without (contrast media)

Possible Abnormal Findings: Abnormal kidney shape/size, no kidneys, polycystic kidney disease, tumors, hydronephrosis, renal vascular hypertension.

Pre/Post Care
Pre: Enema evening before, test to empty colon
Post: Monitor urine output

21
Q

Nephrostomy Tube or Stent

A

When kidneys stones cannot be removed nephrolithotomy is done by making an incision with a nephroscope, this breaks up the stone and then it is removed, after a (nephrostomy tube or stent is inserted to insure the urine flow does not get obstructed.)

Urinary System Study Guide (2 decks)

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