Urinary system, kidney and nephron structure Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system [8]

A

kidneys supplied with blood through renal artery1 straight from the aorta at high pressure2. blood filtered3 in the kidneys, and ‘clean’ blood passes out through renal vein4. ureters bring urine to be stored in the bladder5. bladder has a tube leading outside called the urethra6. sphincter7 muscles contract to close urethra to hold back urine. upper sphincter involuntary lower sphincter voluntary8

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2
Q

cortex

A

contains hundreds of thousands of nephrons

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3
Q

nephrons

A

filtering units

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4
Q

medulla and pyramids

A

nephrons in the medulla join up and lead to tips of the pyramids that lead the the cortex

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5
Q

cortex

A

funnel like structure takes urine from collecting ducts from the nephrons and connects to the ureter

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6
Q

ureter

A

connects to the bladder.

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7
Q

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule process

A

ultrafiltration. the glomerulus has a high pressure of blood flowing through them. small substances such as urea, glucose, ions, and water can pass through the capillary walls, wall of the capsule, and the basement membrane. the basement membrane is a semi-permeable

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8
Q

substances present in blood entering the glomerulus

A

protein, glucose, urea, ions

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9
Q

substances present in glomerular filtrate beginning of bowman’s capsule

A

glucose, urea, ions, no protein

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10
Q

substances present at the end of the first coiled tubule

A

slower flow rate 20%only urea and ions (more urea than before)

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11
Q

substances in collection duct

A

flow rate 1%a lot of urea more ions than before

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12
Q

what does flow rate rely on in the nephron

A

percentage water

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13
Q

Loop of Henle on concentration of urine

A

longer the loop the more concentrated the urine as more can be absorbed back into the blood

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