Urinary system, kidney and nephron structure

Question 1

urinary system [8]

Answer 1

kidneys supplied with blood through renal artery1 straight from the aorta at high pressure2. blood filtered3 in the kidneys, and ‘clean’ blood passes out through renal vein4. ureters bring urine to be stored in the bladder5. bladder has a tube leading outside called the urethra6. sphincter7 muscles contract to close urethra to hold back urine. upper sphincter involuntary lower sphincter voluntary8

Question 2

cortex

Answer 2

contains hundreds of thousands of nephrons

Question 3

nephrons

Answer 3

filtering units

Question 4

medulla and pyramids

Answer 4

nephrons in the medulla join up and lead to tips of the pyramids that lead the the cortex

Question 5

cortex

Answer 5

funnel like structure takes urine from collecting ducts from the nephrons and connects to the ureter

Question 6

ureter

Answer 6

connects to the bladder.

Question 7

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule process

Answer 7

ultrafiltration. the glomerulus has a high pressure of blood flowing through them. small substances such as urea, glucose, ions, and water can pass through the capillary walls, wall of the capsule, and the basement membrane. the basement membrane is a semi-permeable

Question 8

substances present in blood entering the glomerulus

Answer 8

protein, glucose, urea, ions

Question 9

substances present in glomerular filtrate beginning of bowman’s capsule

Answer 9

glucose, urea, ions, no protein

Question 10

substances present at the end of the first coiled tubule

Answer 10

slower flow rate 20%only urea and ions (more urea than before)

Question 11

substances in collection duct

Answer 11

flow rate 1%a lot of urea more ions than before

Question 12

what does flow rate rely on in the nephron

Answer 12

percentage water

Question 13

Loop of Henle on concentration of urine

Answer 13

longer the loop the more concentrated the urine as more can be absorbed back into the blood