Urinary System and Disease

Question 1

T or F:
urine is 3-4 times more concentrated than plasma.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the normal USG for adults vs. foals?

Answer 2

1.020-1.050

vs. 1.008
(they’re kinda hemodiluted; diet is fluid: milk -80% water)

Question 3

Blood in the urine early in urination would indicate what location?

Answer 3

urethra or bladder

Question 4

Blood in the urine at the end of urination indicates what location?

Answer 4

proximal urethral lesions

Question 5

If blood is present throughout urination, what location is indicated?

Answer 5

bladder or upper tract

Question 6

Where do urethral tears most commonly show up in quarter horses?

Answer 6

Dorsocaudal aspect
of the proximal urethra
at the level of the ischial arch

Question 7

What’s the medical vs. surgical therapy indicated for this?

Answer 7

• *Urethral tear**
• Medical*: anti-inflammatories, antimicrobials

Surgical: urethrostomy, “urethral test”

Question 8

What is considered polyuria?

Answer 8

>20-25L /day

Question 9

Rank Gentamicin, neomycin, and amikacin in order of decreasing toxicity.

Answer 9

Neomycin > Gentamicin > Amikacin

Question 10

Rank these NSAIDS in order of decreasing toxicity:
Flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone

Answer 10

Phenylbutazone > Flunixin meg > ketoprofen

renal crest / papillary necrosis