Urinary system Flashcards
What does Oestrogen and progesterone levels cause to renal structure and ureters?
dilation
What happens to the uterus as it grows?
it moves towards the right (dextroversion)
What happens to The right renal structures and ureter
become more dilated than the left.
What happens to muscle tone and ureters
Muscle tone decreases, ureters undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia
What does decrease muscle tone and uterus undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia cause?
slows the flow of urine and results in hrdronephrosis
What happens to the bladder during pregnancy?
relaxes during pregnancy, holding up to 1500mls of fluid
What do hormones and a growing foetus do to the bladder?
irritate the bladder and cause urinary frequency and urgency
What happens to the bladders vascularity
increases, and the mucosa can bleed easily.
How is water retention affected?
water is retained to help support the increased blood volume
How is the only way nutrients can pass to foetus?
when dissolved in fluid, fluid retention ensures adequate supply of nutrients to the foetus.
How much of an increase of fluid is there during pregnancy?
7.5 litres
How do you maintain osmolality and homeostasis?
Na (sodium) reabsorption is increased
What does Progesterone stimulates the angiotensin-renin system in kidneys to produce
aldosterone and thus reabsorb Na
Progesterone prevents excess K (potassium) being excreted
How does the kidneys size change during pregnancy?
Kidneys enlarge to be able to cope with increased blood volume and excreting for both mother and foetus.
How does urine output change during pregnancy?
Urine output increase up to 60-80% during pregnancy
