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Pre-DC Urinary System > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra remove metabolic wastes from blood out of the body

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2
Q

kidney location

A

high on posterior abdominal wall left is higher than the right retroperitoneal

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3
Q

renal capsule

A

TOUGH fibrous shell around kidney

pain receptors are here

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4
Q

renal cortex

A

outer portion of kidney

(Next layer inside kidney from the renal capsule)

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5
Q

renal medulla

A

inner portion of kidney

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6
Q

renal pyramids

A

cone shaped masses of tissue in renal medulla

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7
Q

renal pelvis

A

superior end of ureter, expanded to form funnel shape

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8
Q

major calyx (calyces)

A

divisions of renal pelvis (2-3)

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9
Q

minor calyx (calyces)

A

divisions of major calyx (4-6)

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10
Q

papilla

A

tip of renal pyramid

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11
Q

renal maintenance of blood

A

RBC formation (erythropoietin) blood pressure (renin) blood volume (ADH) blood composition (osmolarity) blood pH (bicarb) vitamin D

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12
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of kidney; 85% are cortical, 15% are juxtamedullary; composed of renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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13
Q

renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus within Bowman’s capsule (Filtration unit)

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14
Q

renal tubule (Know for Lab Final!)

A
  1. proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 2. descending loop of Henle 3. ascending loop of Henle 4. distal convoluted tubule (DCT) 5. Collecting Duct (empties into minor calyx)
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15
Q

blood flow (heart -> kidney)

A

aorta renal artery interlobar artery arcuate artery interlobular artery afferent arteriole glomerular capillaries efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries / vesa recta InterlobULAR veins Arcuate veins InterlobAR veins Renal vein

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16
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

point of contact between the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT);

Cells: very important in regulation of glomerular filtration

17
Q

macula densa

“Dense spot”

A

cells in DCT in contact with afferent arteriole

18
Q

juxtaglomerular cells

A

smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole

19
Q

urine formation

A

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

20
Q

glomerular filtration

A

fenestrated glomerular capillaries filter water and dissolved materials from blood, leaving filtrate in Bowman’s capsule

21
Q

pressures that promote filtration

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure: 60mmHg

Bowman’s osmotic pressure: 0 mmHg

22
Q

amount of production

A

filter 125ml per minute; most reabsorbed

23
Q

glomerular filtration (step 1 of urine)

A

filtration ois due to a force called hydrostatic pressue

Inside glomerular capillaries –> 60mmHg

–>Bowmans capsu: 15mmHg

24
Q

tubular reabsorption (step 2 of urine)

A
  1. process by which substances are transported from the glomerular filtrate to blood in peritubular capillaries

****2. most occurs in PCT through active transport/osmosis

  1. reabsorbed substances include: glucose (only in PCT), amino acids, water, ions, etc.
25
Q

tubular secretion (step 3 of urine phase)

A
  1. process by which substances are transported from the blood in peritubular capillaries into the DCT.
  2. maintains ion concentrations in blood
  3. as you absorb more sodium (Na) = more potassium (K+) gets passed on. (They are inversly related)
26
Q

regulation blood concentration and volume

A

ADH promotes reabsorption of water through the DCT ——This negative feedback prevents DEHYDRATION

stimulus of ADH is depended on osmolarity of ICF of supraoptic nuclei in hypothalamus

27
Q

excretion of wastes (Urea and Uric Acid)

A

by products of metabolism (

  1. urea from amino acid metabolism
  2. uric acid from nucleotide metabolism

*wastes are RE-absorbed by tubules, then SECRETED back INTO urine and excreted

28
Q

urine composition

A

95% water

5% urea: (uric acid, amino acids, electrolytes)

29
Q

ureters are:

A

Small tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder through peristaltic movements

a. 25-29cm
b. retroperitoneal
c. 3 layers:

inner mucosa (transitional epithelium)

middle muscularis (smooth muscle)

outer serosa (fibrous CT)

30
Q

bladder

A

Location: within pelvic cavity, behind symphysis pubis

Structure: hollow, distensible, muscular organ.

Lined with transitional epithelium

It’s a detrusor muscle =3 layers of smooth muscle

Function: storage of urine

31
Q

urethra

A

female: 4cm
male: 20cm

32
Q

micturition

A

process by which urine is expelled from the body

33
Q

trigone

A

triangle formation within the bladder composed of the passageways to the ureters and urethra

34
Q

urine process

A

Bowman’s capsule-> PCT –> loop of Henle–> DCT–>. collecting duct (urine)–>. minor calyx –>major calyx –>. renal pelvis–> ureter –>(peristalsis) urinary bladder –>urethra (micturition)

35
Q

proteins are NOT filtered because

A

they are large and negatively charged and have low permeability

Cannot filter easily

36
Q

Osmosis

A

reabsorption of water

37
Q

Kidney releases what to help regulate BP?

A

Renin

(not rennin)

this is part of Renin-Angiotensin System

Pre-DC Urinary System (1 decks)

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