Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P II > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

List components of Urinary System:

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of Kidneys:

A
  1. Regulate blood ionic composition 2. Regulate blood PH 3. Regulate blood volume 4. Regulate blood pressure 5. Maintain blood osmolarity 6. Regulate blood glucose 7. Exrete waste/foreign materials 8. Produce hormones: Calcitrol & Erthropoetin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the waste products secreted by kidneys:

A

ammonia, urea, bilirubin, kreatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anatomically, describe location of kidneys:

A

retroperitoneal & attached to the posterior wall of abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the layer of the kidney superficial to the renal pyramids but deep to the renal capsule called?

A

renal cortex (fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Trace the path of urine through kidneys:

A

Papillary ducts - Minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do we call the blood vessels that supply the kidneys?

A

renal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Renal nerves are classified as what type?

A

vasomotor (open/close)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functional units of the kidneys?

A

nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the components of the renal corpuscle?

A

glomerus & glomerular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trace the path that a molecule of water (or blood) would take to pass through the kidney:

A

glomerus - glomerular capsule - proximal convoluted tubule - descending LOH - distal convoluted tubule - collecting duct - papillary duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which components of the nephrons are associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

afferent arterioles & ascending Loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A loss of _____% of a person’s kidney function may not result in clinically observable effects.

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

As a person grows, what happens to the number of nephrons in his/her kidneys?

A

stay the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If one kidney is removed, the other nephrons in the other kidney will _______.

A

hypertrophy (enlarge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the first step in urine production?

A

water and solutes move from glomerus to glomerular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do we calculate the rate of urinary excretions of any solute?

A

Rage of GF + rate of secretion - rate of absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does teh filtration membrane of the kidney consist of?

A

glomerular endothelial cells, basal lamina, & slit of membranes between the pedicals of podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is the volume of fluid filtered by the renal corpuscle much larger than the volume exiting other capillaries?

A

Large surface area of the glomular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which substances/cells can ordinarily cross the filtration membrane?

A

Water and small solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which substances/cells can not cross the filtration membrane?

A

any blood product: blood cells, plasma proteins, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which mechanisms control glomerular filtration (GFR)?

A

Renal autoregulation Neural control Hormonal control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation?

A

normalizes renal blood flow and off in response to blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the tubuloglomerular mechanism of renal autoregulation depend on?

A

from feedback of macula densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What would be the effecdt of decreased angiotensin II levels with increased ANP levels on GFR?

A

increase GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tubular reabsorption returns ____% of the water filtered from the glomerulus to the blood.

A

99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which common blood-born molecule would not ordinarily be secreted from the blood and tubular cells into tubular fluid?

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) uses Na+ symporters to reabsorb ____ & _____.

A

glucose & amino acids

29
Q

The loop of Henle reabsorbs which ions?

A

Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3 & Cl-

30
Q

What is the major site in the kidney were parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+?

A

DCT

31
Q

What % of water and solutes that intially filtered out of the flomerulus are received by the collecting ducts?

A

5-10

32
Q

What type cells are collecting ducts made of?

A

principle and intercalated

33
Q

Which hormones directly impact water reabsorption but not Na+ reabsorption?

A

ADH (anti diuretic)

34
Q

What are the most important hormonal regulators of electrocyte reabsorption and secretion?

A

aldosterone & ANP

35
Q

What is the hormone with the most important role in regulating Na+ & K+ balance?

A

aldosterone

36
Q

What are the normal constituents of urine?

A

urea, kreatin, water, ammonia

37
Q

Micturition, which is also called urination or voiding, involves contraction of the ____ muscle and relaxation of the ______.

A

detrouser muscle & internal urethral sphincter

38
Q

As tubular fluid flows up the ascending LOH, what happens to its concentration?

A

decreases b/c it’s being filtered

39
Q

Which opening serves both reproductive and urinary system functions in males, has an opening between the clitoris and the vagina orifice in females, and drains urine from the body?

A

urethra

40
Q

Which body parts excrete heat, CO2 & water?

A

GI tract, lungs, & sweat glands

41
Q

Which pair of kidneys remains functional after birth?

A

metanephros

42
Q

What are some age related changes in the urinary system?

A

decreased blood supply decreased renal function decreased bladder capacity/control increase UTI`

43
Q

A very busy nurse working at the end of his third 12 hour shift in a row made two bad mistakes with the same patient. First, he forgot to double-check the label on I.V. solution he was hanging to make sure it matched the order for the patient. Then he forgot to check the setting on the I.V. pump. The patient received a liter of hypertonic fluid in less than 15 minutes instead of receiving the same volume of the ordered isotonic fluid in 2 hours. How will the patient’s body attempt to compensate for the nurse’s mistakes?

A

The patient will secrete more ANP so that more Na+ and water can be secreted into the urine

44
Q

Which of the following is a likely consequence if patient suffering from renal damage cannot release sufficient quantities of renin?

A

The patient will not be able to activate enough angiotensin II.
The patient will not be able to release enough aldosterone.
The patient may have difficulty maintaining Na+, K+, and pH balance.
The patient may have difficulty maintaining blood volume and, therefore, blood pressure.

45
Q

Which of the following tests is most beneficial in evaluating kidney function?

A

renal plasma clearance

46
Q

Methamphetamine mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. How would a high dose of this substance probably affect the kidneys?

A

The afferent arterioles will probably constrict.
Blood flow into the glomerular capillaries will probably decrease.
The GFR will probably decrease.
Urine output will probably decrease.

47
Q

Factors that create the osmotic gradient that enables ADH to cause formation of concentrated urine include

A

differences in solute ¬permeability and reabsorption in different parts of the long LOHs.
differences in water ¬permeability and reabsorption in different parts of the long LOHs.
differences in solute and water ¬permeability and reabsorption in the collecting duct.
countercurrent flow in the LOHs.

48
Q

Why does the osmolarity of tubular fluid decrease as it passes through the ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

A

The LOH and DCT reabsorb solutes and dilute the fluid entering the collecting ducts

49
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

A

storage of urine

50
Q

Each of the following is a waste product normally secreted by the kidneys EXCEPT

A

glucose

51
Q

Place the following structures in the order in which urine would normally pass through them.

         1. renal sinus
         2. papillary duct
         3. renal pelvis
         4. major calyx
         5. minor calyx
A

2, 5, 4, 3 but never 1

52
Q

Place the following in the order that a molecule of water would ordinarily pass through them.

         1. collecting duct
         2. descending loop of Henle
         3. papillary duct
         4. glomerulus
         5. ascending loop of Henle
         6. glomerular capsule
         7. distal convoluted tubule
         8. proximal convoluted tubule
A

4, 6, 8, 2, 5, 7, 1, 3

53
Q

Which pressure opposes glomerular filtration?

A

capsular hydrostatic pressure
blood colloidal osmotic pressure

54
Q

An individual has a glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure of 60 mmHg, a capsular hydrostatic pressure of 18 mmHg, and a blood colloidal osmotic pressure of 32 mmHg. What is the individual’s net filtration pressure?

A

60 mmHg – 18 mmHg – 32 mmHg = 10 mmHg

55
Q

A patient has both systemic lupus erythematosus, which has damaged her liver, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which has damaged her kidneys. As the diseases have progressed, the edema she experiences has worsened. Why?

A

Liver damage prevents her from making sufficient plasma proteins, thus lowering her BCOP.
Kidney damage allows some of her plasma proteins to be excreted, thus lowering her BCOP.

56
Q

Each of the following is correct about glomerular filtration rate (GFR)EXCEPT

A

GFR increases dramatically when the GBHP drops below 45 mmHg

57
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

returns 99% of the water filtered from the glomerulus to the blood.

58
Q

Each of the following substances is ordinarily secreted from the blood and tubular cells into tubular fluid EXCEPT:

A

glucose

59
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT

A

uses Na+ symporters to reabsorb glucose and amino acids.

60
Q

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

is the major site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates ¬reabsorption of Ca2

61
Q

The collecting ducts

A

receive only 5-10% of the water and solutes that initially filtered out of the glomerulus.
contains principal and intercalated cells.

62
Q

The most important hormonal regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion are

A

aldosterone and angiotensin II

63
Q

As tubular fluid flows up the ascending loop of Henle,

A

its concentration decreases.

64
Q

Normal constituents of urine include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

protein

65
Q

Which of the following statements about the ureters is NOT correct?

A

are separated from the urinary bladder by an anatomical valve

66
Q

The urinary bladder

A

wall contains the detrusor muscle, which consists of three layers of smooth muscle tissue..

67
Q

Age related changes in the urinary system include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

increased kidney size

68
Q
A

A & P II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions