🫘urinary system Flashcards
🫘What is the job of the urethra?
To transport urine to the kidneys.
🫘 What is the job of the bladder?
To hold urine until urination.
🫘 What is the effect of ADH on the rate of urine production? And why
Less urine will be produced as more water is reabsorbed into by the blood.
🫘 Name two ways that the blood in the renal vein is different from the blood in the renal artery.
The blood in the renal vein has waste products such as carbon dioxide
The blood in the renal artery supplies the kidney and has no waste products or toxins.
🫘 How does the surface area to volume ratio help in efficient blood filtration.
The higher the ratio the more efficient the filtration will be.
🫘 What supplies the blood to the kidneys ?
Renal artery
🫘 How does the blood leave the kidney
Renal vein
🫘 From the renal vein, where does the clean blood go?
Through the ureters to the bladder.
🫘 What’s osmoregulation?
The kidneys controlling and balancing the amount of water & dissolved salts in the blood.
🫘 What is osmosis?
The movement of water through a membrane from an area of high concentration to low.
🫘 Why is osmoregulation important for RBC?
The cell will shrivel up if the salt concentration is too high with not enough water.
🫘 What would happen if there’s too much water in the RBC?
Risk of bursting
🫘 What does isotonic mean?
Perfect balance of water and salt.
🫘 What hormone controls the amount of water that the kidneys remove?
ADH
🫘 Where is ADH produced?
In the pituitary gland
🫘 How does the pituitary gland generate ADH? (Hippo monitor 🧂 in 🩸 & 📱 the 🧠 (p.g)
The hypothalamus monitors the salt concentration in the blood and contacts the brain/P.G and ADH is produced.
🫘 What is a nephron? Unit and what does it contain?
A filtering unit that contains a glomerulus and a tubule
🫘 What is the function of the Glomerulus?
To filter blood
🫘 Describe the movement of molecules in the glomerulus?
The small molecules pass its thin walls and the large molecule stay in the bloodstream
🫘 What structure in the nephron absorbs the substances that the body needs?
The PCT
🫘 What is ultrafiltration? Large + blood stay (useful)
When most of the water is filtered out as well as the substances that the kidney does not need and only large molecules and blood cells remain
🫘 What is the Bowman’s capsule? Sieve
Surrounds the glomerulus and helps to filter the blood
🫘 What is the PCT? REAB GA guardiola
Reabsorbs almost all of the glucose, amino acids and small peptides
🫘 What happens at the Loop of Henle? NaCl
More water and sodium chloride ions are absorbed
🫘 What happens at the DCT? Fine tune
Substances are fine tuned for re-absorption
🫘 What happens at the collecting duct? Thra takes ______ to bladder
Urethra takes urine to the bladder
🫘 What is the RAAS mechanism? BP low kidneys renin liver angiotensinogen renin breakdown
If the blood pressure is too low, the kidneys produce rennin and the liver produces angiotensinogen, renin breaks it down into angiotensin
🫘 What does angiotensin tell the blood vessels to do?
Constrict to increase blood pressure
🫘 What else does angiotensin do? Text a.g, free Aldo
Send a message to the adrenal gland to release aldosterone.
🫘 What does Aldosterone do? Kidneys Keep Na, free H2
Tell the kidneys to retain more sodium ions and release more water
🫘 What does urine enter and leave the kidneys from? Ur enter
Enters from the ureter, leaves from the urethra
🫘 What happens in the PCT?
Substances such as water, protein, glucose, sodium ions and urea are reabsorbed.
🫘 Why do the substances that are absorbed by the PCT get absorbed?
Because they’re considered useful
🫘 Where is most of the water absorbed in the kidney?
Back into the blood
🫘 What happens in the DCT?
Waste is secreted into the filtrate and ions get pumped to control blood pH
🫘 Why might a protein trace in the blood be a concern?
It suggests damaged glomeruli (filtering units) which leads to kidney disease
🫘What is the process in liver that happens that produces a waste product?
deamination and the waste product is called ammonia, which then gets converted to urea
🫘What is the process in liver that happens that produces a waste product?
deamination and the waste product is called ammonia, which then gets converted to urea
🫘 What three things is the kidney made up of?
A capsule - protects fragile structures
Nephrons - extended from the cortex to the medulla
Renal tubules - line with microvilli
