Urinary System Flashcards
what are the functions of the urinary system? (6)
-regulation of aspects of homeostasis
1) water balance
2) electrolytes
3) acid-base balance in the blood
4) blood pressure
5) red blood cells production
6) activation of vitamin d
what are the organs of the urinary system?
-kidneys
-ureters
-urinary bladder
-urethra
what do adrenal glands do?
produce aldosterone
what do the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra do?
-kidneys: produce urine
-ureters: transport urine
-urinary bladder: stores urine
-urethra: passes urine to outside
what are the 3 regions of a kidney in details?
-renal cortex: outer layer that dips down in between the inner layer called the renal medulla
-renal medulla: consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids
-renal pelvis: a central space that is continuous with the ureter
IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF A KIDNEY
1) RENAL CORTEX
2) RENAL COLUMN
3) MAJOR CALYX
4) MINOR CALYX
5) RENAL PYRAMID
6) FIBROUS CAPSULE
7) RENAL VEIN
8) RENAL ARTERY
9) RENAL PELVIS
10) URETER
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF A KIDNEY?
OVER 1 MILLION NEPHRONS
-RESPONSIBLE FOR FORMING URINE
WHAT ARE THE MAIN STRUCTURES OF A NEPHRON? (2)
-RENAL CORPUSCLE
-RENAL TUBULE
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF RENAL CORPUSCLE? (2)
-GLOMERULUS: AN INTERTWINED CAPILLARY NETWORK
-BOWMAN’S CAPSULE: CUP-SHAPED CHAMBER THAT SURROUNDS THE GLOMERULUS
WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF BOWMAN’S CAPSULE? (3)
-CAPSULAR OUTER LAYER
-CAPSULAR SPACE: SEPERATES 2 LAYERS
-VISCERAL LAYER: COVERS GLOMECULAR CAPILLARIES, MADE OF PODOCYTES THAT WRAP AROUND GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES
WHAT ARE THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE RENAL TUBULE? (3)
-PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (PCT)
-NEPHRON LOOP (LOOP OF HENLE)
-DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (DCT)
WHAT ARE THE PROCESSES OF URINE FORMATION? (3)
-GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
-TUBULAR REABSORBTION
-TUBULAR SECRETION
What solutes are normally found in urine? (4)
-Sodium and potassium ions
-Urea, uric acid, creatinine
-Ammonia
-Bicarbonate ions
What solutes are not usually found in urine? (6)
-Glucose
-Blood proteins
-RBCs
-Hemoglobin
-Pus (WBCs)
-Bile
What is the normal pH for body fluids? Why?
-7.35 to 7.45
-This is when our proteins, like cellular enzymes function properly
What is pH of over 7.45 and below 7.35 called? (2)
-Alkalosis
-Acidosis
What mechanisms maintain the pH for body fluids? (3)
-Acid-base buffer systems
-The respiratory center
-The kidneys
What happens when blood pH rises? (2)
-Bicarbonate ions are excreted
-Hydrogen ions are retained by kidney tubules
What happens when blood pH falls? (2)
-Bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed
-Hydrogen ions are secreted
What do the kidneys secrete?
-Erythropoietin (EPO)
