urinary system Flashcards
the function of the urinary system
- Removes salts & nitrogenous wastes from the blood
- Maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes in the body
- Regulates pH and volume of body fluid
- Control red blood cell production and blood pressure
organs of the urinary system
pair of kidneys, a pair ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
kidney
Reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ with a smooth surface
Lies on either side of the vertebral column
anatomy of kidney
- Renal sinus: medial depression where the hollow chamber is
- Hilum: entrance to the renal sinus
- Renal pelvis: superior end of the ureter that creates a funnel-shaped sac
- Renal papillae: small elevations that project into the renal sinus
- Renal medulla: conical masses of tissues called renal pyramids that appear striated
- Renal cortex: shell around the medulla and goes in between the pyramids which form renal columns
- Nephrons: the kidney’s functional units
kidney functions
Maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition, volume, and pH of extracellular fluid
Secrete hormones
Activation of vitamin D
Maintain blood volume and blood pressure by secreting renin
nephrons
Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons
Contains a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
anuria
absence of urine due to failure of kidney production or to an obstruction in a urinary pathway
bacteriuria
bacteria in urine
cystectomy
surgical removal of the urinary bladder
cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystoscope
instrument used to visually examine the interior of the urinary bladder
cystotomy
Incision of the urinary bladder wall
Diuresis
increased urine excretion
Diuretic
substance that increases urine production
Dysuria
painful or difficult urination
hematuria
blood in urine
incontinence
inability to control urination or defecation reflexes
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
Nephrolithiasis
kidney stones
Nephroptosis
moveable or displaced kidney
Oliguria
scanty (little) urine output
polyuria
excessive urine output
Pyelolithotomy
removal of a stone from the renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
Pyelotomy
incision into the renal pelvis
pyuria
pus in the urine
Uremia
accumulation in the blood of substances usually excreted in the urine
Ureteritis
inflammation in the ureter
Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
glomerulus
tangled cluster of blood capillaries
Filter
glomerular capsule
surrounds the glomerulus and receives the filtered fluid
tubular secretion
Moves substances from the blood within the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule
glomerular filtration
Large materials stay in the blood, small materials filter through the glomerulus and enter into the glomerular filtrate
(RBC, WBC, proteins)
Produces 180 L a day
tubular reabsorption
The process by which filtered substances are returned to the bloodstream
Necessary materials get put back into the blood
(amino acids, glucose, salt, water)
ureters
Ureters are about 25 centimeters long
Start as the funnel-shaped renal pelvis
Moves urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Wall has 3 layers
(mucous coat, muscular coat, fibrous coat)
urinary bladder
Hollow, muscular organ that stores urine and forces it into the urethra
The internal floor of the bladder is called the trigone which has three openings
walls of the urinary bladder (4)
mucous coat, submucous coat, muscular coat, serous coat
micturition
Process of urination / expelling urine from the urinary bladder
urethra
A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Lined with thick mucous membrane and smooth muscle tissue
