urinary system

Question 1

the function of the urinary system

Answer 1

1. Removes salts & nitrogenous wastes from the blood
2. Maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes in the body
3. Regulates pH and volume of body fluid
4. Control red blood cell production and blood pressure

Question 2

organs of the urinary system

Answer 2

pair of kidneys, a pair ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 3

kidney

Answer 3

Reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ with a smooth surface
Lies on either side of the vertebral column

Question 4

anatomy of kidney

Answer 4

1. Renal sinus: medial depression where the hollow chamber is
2. Hilum: entrance to the renal sinus
3. Renal pelvis: superior end of the ureter that creates a funnel-shaped sac
4. Renal papillae: small elevations that project into the renal sinus
5. Renal medulla: conical masses of tissues called renal pyramids that appear striated
6. Renal cortex: shell around the medulla and goes in between the pyramids which form renal columns
7. Nephrons: the kidney’s functional units

Question 5

kidney functions

Answer 5

Maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition, volume, and pH of extracellular fluid
Secrete hormones
Activation of vitamin D
Maintain blood volume and blood pressure by secreting renin

Question 6

nephrons

Answer 6

Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons
Contains a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Question 7

anuria

Answer 7

absence of urine due to failure of kidney production or to an obstruction in a urinary pathway

Question 8

bacteriuria

Answer 8

bacteria in urine

Question 9

cystectomy

Answer 9

surgical removal of the urinary bladder

Question 10

cystitis

Answer 10

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 11

cystoscope

Answer 11

instrument used to visually examine the interior of the urinary bladder

Question 12

cystotomy

Answer 12

Incision of the urinary bladder wall

Question 13

Diuresis

Answer 13

increased urine excretion

Question 14

Diuretic

Answer 14

substance that increases urine production

Question 15

Dysuria

Answer 15

painful or difficult urination

Question 16

hematuria

Answer 16

blood in urine

Question 17

incontinence

Answer 17

inability to control urination or defecation reflexes

Question 18

nephrectomy

Answer 18

surgical removal of a kidney

Question 19

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 19

kidney stones

Question 20

Nephroptosis

Answer 20

moveable or displaced kidney

Question 21

Oliguria

Answer 21

scanty (little) urine output

Question 22

polyuria

Answer 22

excessive urine output

Question 23

Pyelolithotomy

Answer 23

removal of a stone from the renal pelvis

Question 24

Pyelonephritis

Answer 24

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Question 25

Pyelotomy

Answer 25

incision into the renal pelvis

Question 26

pyuria

Answer 26

pus in the urine

Question 27

Uremia

Answer 27

accumulation in the blood of substances usually excreted in the urine

Question 28

Ureteritis

Answer 28

inflammation in the ureter

Question 29

Urethritis

Answer 29

inflammation of the urethra

Question 30

glomerulus

Answer 30

tangled cluster of blood capillaries Filter

Question 31

glomerular capsule

Answer 31

surrounds the glomerulus and receives the filtered fluid

Question 32

tubular secretion

Answer 32

Moves substances from the blood within the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule

Question 33

glomerular filtration

Answer 33

Large materials stay in the blood, small materials filter through the glomerulus and enter into the glomerular filtrate (RBC, WBC, proteins) Produces 180 L a day

Question 34

tubular reabsorption

Answer 34

The process by which filtered substances are returned to the bloodstream Necessary materials get put back into the blood (amino acids, glucose, salt, water)

Question 35

ureters

Answer 35

Ureters are about 25 centimeters long Start as the funnel-shaped renal pelvis Moves urine from kidneys to urinary bladder Wall has 3 layers (mucous coat, muscular coat, fibrous coat)

Question 36

urinary bladder

Answer 36

Hollow, muscular organ that stores urine and forces it into the urethra The internal floor of the bladder is called the trigone which has three openings

Question 37

walls of the urinary bladder (4)

Answer 37

mucous coat, submucous coat, muscular coat, serous coat

Question 38

micturition

Answer 38

Process of urination / expelling urine from the urinary bladder

Question 39

urethra

Answer 39

A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Lined with thick mucous membrane and smooth muscle tissue