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Digestive System > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

the function of the urinary system

A
  1. Removes salts & nitrogenous wastes from the blood
  2. Maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes in the body
  3. Regulates pH and volume of body fluid
  4. Control red blood cell production and blood pressure
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2
Q

organs of the urinary system

A

pair of kidneys, a pair ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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3
Q

kidney

A

Reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ with a smooth surface
Lies on either side of the vertebral column

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4
Q

anatomy of kidney

A
  1. Renal sinus: medial depression where the hollow chamber is
  2. Hilum: entrance to the renal sinus
  3. Renal pelvis: superior end of the ureter that creates a funnel-shaped sac
  4. Renal papillae: small elevations that project into the renal sinus
  5. Renal medulla: conical masses of tissues called renal pyramids that appear striated
  6. Renal cortex: shell around the medulla and goes in between the pyramids which form renal columns
  7. Nephrons: the kidney’s functional units
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5
Q

kidney functions

A

Maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition, volume, and pH of extracellular fluid
Secrete hormones
Activation of vitamin D
Maintain blood volume and blood pressure by secreting renin

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6
Q

nephrons

A

Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons
Contains a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

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7
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine due to failure of kidney production or to an obstruction in a urinary pathway

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8
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in urine

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9
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the urinary bladder

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10
Q

cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

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11
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument used to visually examine the interior of the urinary bladder

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12
Q

cystotomy

A

Incision of the urinary bladder wall

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13
Q

Diuresis

A

increased urine excretion

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14
Q

Diuretic

A

substance that increases urine production

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15
Q

Dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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16
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

17
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urination or defecation reflexes

18
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

19
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones

20
Q

Nephroptosis

A

moveable or displaced kidney

21
Q

Oliguria

A

scanty (little) urine output

22
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urine output

23
Q

Pyelolithotomy

A

removal of a stone from the renal pelvis

24
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

25
Q

Pyelotomy

A

incision into the renal pelvis

26
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

27
Q

Uremia

A

accumulation in the blood of substances usually excreted in the urine

28
Q

Ureteritis

A

inflammation in the ureter

29
Q

Urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

30
Q

glomerulus

A

tangled cluster of blood capillaries
Filter

31
Q

glomerular capsule

A

surrounds the glomerulus and receives the filtered fluid

32
Q

tubular secretion

A

Moves substances from the blood within the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule

33
Q

glomerular filtration

A

Large materials stay in the blood, small materials filter through the glomerulus and enter into the glomerular filtrate
(RBC, WBC, proteins)
Produces 180 L a day

34
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

The process by which filtered substances are returned to the bloodstream
Necessary materials get put back into the blood
(amino acids, glucose, salt, water)

35
Q

ureters

A

Ureters are about 25 centimeters long
Start as the funnel-shaped renal pelvis
Moves urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Wall has 3 layers
(mucous coat, muscular coat, fibrous coat)

36
Q

urinary bladder

A

Hollow, muscular organ that stores urine and forces it into the urethra
The internal floor of the bladder is called the trigone which has three openings

37
Q

walls of the urinary bladder (4)

A

mucous coat, submucous coat, muscular coat, serous coat

38
Q

micturition

A

Process of urination / expelling urine from the urinary bladder

39
Q

urethra

A

A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Lined with thick mucous membrane and smooth muscle tissue

Digestive System (2 decks)

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