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Week 6: Urinary System > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system consists of?

A

two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra.

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2
Q

After the kidneys filter blood, they what?

A

Newly cleaned blood returns to the bloodstream by way of veins ,the remaining water and solutes form the urine

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3
Q

Female Urinary System Diagram

A

Image Slide 5

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4
Q

Kidneys help to maintain homeostasis through:

A

Regulation of ion levels in the blood.

Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure.

Regulation of blood pH.

Production of EPO.

Excretion of wastes.

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5
Q

Kidney Structure. Kidney lies?

A

lie on either side of the vertebral column between the peritoneum and the back wall of the abdominal cavity.

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6
Q

Each kidney is enclosed in a?

A

in a renal capsule, which is surrounded by adipose tissue.

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7
Q

Internally, the kidneys consist of a ?

A

a renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pyramids, renal columns, major and minor calyces, and a renal pelvis.

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8
Q

Blood enters the kidney through the? And leaves through the?

A

Enters through the renal artery, leaves through the renal vein.

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9
Q

Filtering units of the kidney are called?

A

Nephrons

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10
Q

Kidney Structure Image

A

Slide 9-10

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11
Q

A nephron consists of two parts:

A

a renal corpuscle (cup) where blood plasma is filtered,

and a renal tubule into which the filtered fluid passes

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12
Q

The two parts that make up a renal corpuscle are;

A
  1. Glomerulus and
  2. Bowmans capsule
    (also called the glomerular capsule)
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13
Q

Renal Tubule.

A

The filtered fluid (the FILTRATE) first enters the glomerular capsule and then passes into the renal tubule.

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14
Q

The three main sections of the renal tubule are:

A

the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule.

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15
Q

Each nephron also has its own blood supply. T/F?

A

True

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16
Q

The distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty into a common?

A

COLLECTING duct.

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17
Q

Glomerular Filteration Image

A

Image slide 13

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18
Q

3 Nephron Functions:

A

Glomerular FILTRATION
Tubular REABSORPTION
Tubular SECRETION

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19
Q

Glomerular FILTRATION

A

– is the first step of urine production – blood pressure forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across the wall of glomerular capillaries

20
Q

Tubular REABSORPTION

A

– returning most of the filtered water and many of the filtered solutes to the blood, is the second basic function of the nephrons and collecting ducts

21
Q

Tubular SECRETION

A

the tubule and duct remove substances, such as wastes, drugs, and excess ions, from blood and transport them into the fluid in the renal tubules.

22
Q

Tubular reabsorption retains substances needed by the body, including WATER, IONS, GLUCOSE

A

slide 16

23
Q

enhances reabsorption of Na+ and Cl–. Angiotensin II also stimulates the adrenal cortex to release

A

Angiotensin II , to release aldosterone,

24
Q

Aldosterone does?

A

stimulates the collecting ducts to reabsorb more Na+ and therefore water comes in or H20

25
Q

inhibits reabsorption of Na+ (and Cl– and water) by the renal tubules, which reduces blood volume

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

26
Q

The major hormone that regulates water reabsorption is:

A

Antidiuretichormone (ADH) via negative feedback.

27
Q

Functions of Nephron Image

A

Image Slide 18

28
Q

In normal urine = glucose should be reabsorbed , not secreted T/F

A

True

29
Q

3 primary wastes that are dump out into the urine?

A

Urea , uric acid , creatine

30
Q

Negative Feedback Regulation of Water Reabsorption by ADH Image

A

Image slide 21

31
Q

_____ produced by the nephrons nephrons drains into the minor calyces

A

urine produced

32
Q

minor calyces, which join to become major calyces that unite to form the ____ _____

A

renal pelvis

33
Q

From the urine pelvis, what happens next?

A

urine drains first into the ureter and then into the urinary bladder; urine is then discharged from the body through the urethra (draw a flow chart)

34
Q

The two ____ do what?

A

two ureters (one per kidney) transport urine from the renal pelves of the right and left kidneys to the urinary bladder.

35
Q

The wall of the ureters consists of 3 layers:

A

transitional epithelium on the inside (mucosa), smooth muscle in the middle, and an outer layer of areolar connective tissue.

36
Q

The urinary bladder characteristics,
function?

A

hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity

Its function is to store urine prior to elimination (micturation).

37
Q

___ contains transitional epithelium and rugae (folds and ridges).

A

mucosa

38
Q

muscular layer of the wall consists of three layers of smooth muscle called?

A

the detrusor muscle. The outer coat is a fibrous covering.

39
Q

The wall of the ureters consists of 3 layers:

A

transitional epithelium on the inside (mucosa),

smooth muscle in the middle,

and an outer layer of areolar connective tissue.

40
Q

The urinary bladder function?

A

Its function is to store urine prior to elimination (micturation).

41
Q

the _____, the terminal portion of the urinary system, is a small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body

A

urethra

42
Q

Where does the urethra lie in females?

A

it lies directly behind the pubic symphysis and is embedded in the front wall of the vagina, between the clitoris and vaginal opening.

43
Q

Where does the urethra lie in males?

A

the urethra passes vertically through the prostate, the deep perineal muscles, and finally the penis.

44
Q

______ ______discharges urine from the urinary bladder through contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter muscle, and by inhibition of the external urethral sphincter

A

The micturition reflex (image 26)

45
Q

Physical Characteristics of urine

A

Concentrated urine is a darker yellow ….
Turbidity = urine should be transparent
Odor = mildly aromatic
pH = between 4.6 ph and 8.0 pH = pee is normally 6 ph
Specific gravity = specific gravity .. Ratio of the weight of a volume of a substance to the weight

Chart slide 27

46
Q

With aging, the kidneys _____ in size, have more or less blood flow?
Filter more or less blood?

A

atrophy in size
have a less blood flow
filter less blood

47
Q

Common problems related to aging include ?

A

urinary tract infections, increased frequency of urination, urinary retention or incontinence, acute and chronic kidney inflammations and renal calculi (kidney stones ).

Week 6: Urinary System (1 decks)

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