urinary system Flashcards
what is the function of the urinary system?
The urinary system is responsible for the removal of waste products and surplus water from the body
The unitary system is often classified together with the reproductive system. What is the collective name that describes the two systems?
The urogenital system
what is another term used to describe urination?
micturition
what is the difference between tenesmus and dysuria?
tenesmus may be used to describe difficulty in either urination or defecation, whilst dysuria only describes difficulty in urination
what does polyuria mean?
an increased frequency of urination
what does anuria mean?
cessation of the secretion of urine
what does haematuria mean?
blood in the urine
List the structures of the urinary system
Two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, urethra
List the functions of the kidney
urine formation, renin production, conversion of vitamin D to an active form, production of erythropoietin, contributes to the maintenance of the correct pH of the body
what is the term used to describe matters pertaining to the kidney?
renal
briefly describe the following parts of the kidney, capsule, hilus, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis
The capsule is the covering of fibrous tissue that attaches the kidney to the dorsal wall of the abdomen,
the hilus is the indented part of the kidney, where blood vessels and nerves and relieve, and also where the ureter is attached,
The cortex is the dark coloured peripheral area of the kidney
The medulla is the inner body of the kidney
The renal pelvis is the hollow collecting area located in the centre of the kidney
List five components of an nephron
Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule PCT, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule DCT, collecting duct
what is contained within the Bowman capsule?
the glomerulus which is a knot of capillaries, which filter waste products from the blood
what is meant by glomerular filtrate?
This is a fluid similar to plasma that is found within the glomerulus
what is filtration pressure?
And the difference in pressure between the blood and the glomerulus and the pressure of the fluid in the bowman’s capsule
What is the name of the hormone that controls the reabsorption of water?
antidiuretic hormone
what is the name of the hormone that controls the reabsorption of sodium?
aldosterone
what is the name given to the indentations of the renal pelvis that lie between the pyramids of the medulla?
calyces
what is neohrosis
any disease of the kidney
Name, one enzyme that secreted by the kidneys
renin
Name, one hormone secreted by the kidneys
erythropoietin
what is the function of the ureters
Transport of urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder via peristaltic movements of the smooth muscle within their walls
What type of cell line the bladder wall and why?
transitional epithelial cells as they are elastic and allow the bladder to stretch when full
What is the name given to the area between the ureteral openings and the neck of the bladder?
trigone
in the glands located within the urethra that are present in the Tom camp, but not on the dog
bulbourethral glands
what is the special type of unitary Cathro designed for indwelling us in Tom Cats
jackson cat catheter
what is the name of a ring shaped muscle, which closes a natural orifice and contraction
a sphincter
What is the pH of urine?
5-7
how is ultrafiltrate produced
ultrafiltration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the renal capsule or bowman’s capsule in the kidneys. the bowman’s capsule contains a dense capillary network called the glomerulus. blood flows into the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole. the blood pressure in the efferent arteriole is higher than the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. this is because the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole
