urinary system

Question 1

what is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 1

The urinary system is responsible for the removal of waste products and surplus water from the body

Question 2

The unitary system is often classified together with the reproductive system. What is the collective name that describes the two systems?

Answer 2

The urogenital system

Question 3

what is another term used to describe urination?

Answer 3

micturition

Question 4

what is the difference between tenesmus and dysuria?

Answer 4

tenesmus may be used to describe difficulty in either urination or defecation, whilst dysuria only describes difficulty in urination

Question 5

what does polyuria mean?

Answer 5

an increased frequency of urination

Question 6

what does anuria mean?

Answer 6

cessation of the secretion of urine

Question 7

what does haematuria mean?

Answer 7

blood in the urine

Question 8

List the structures of the urinary system

Answer 8

Two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 9

List the functions of the kidney

Answer 9

urine formation, renin production, conversion of vitamin D to an active form, production of erythropoietin, contributes to the maintenance of the correct pH of the body

Question 10

what is the term used to describe matters pertaining to the kidney?

Answer 10

renal

Question 11

briefly describe the following parts of the kidney, capsule, hilus, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis

Answer 11

The capsule is the covering of fibrous tissue that attaches the kidney to the dorsal wall of the abdomen,

the hilus is the indented part of the kidney, where blood vessels and nerves and relieve, and also where the ureter is attached,

The cortex is the dark coloured peripheral area of the kidney

The medulla is the inner body of the kidney

The renal pelvis is the hollow collecting area located in the centre of the kidney

Question 12

List five components of an nephron

Answer 12

Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule PCT, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule DCT, collecting duct

Question 13

what is contained within the Bowman capsule?

Answer 13

the glomerulus which is a knot of capillaries, which filter waste products from the blood

Question 14

what is meant by glomerular filtrate?

Answer 14

This is a fluid similar to plasma that is found within the glomerulus

Question 15

what is filtration pressure?

Answer 15

And the difference in pressure between the blood and the glomerulus and the pressure of the fluid in the bowman’s capsule

Question 16

What is the name of the hormone that controls the reabsorption of water?

Answer 16

antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

what is the name of the hormone that controls the reabsorption of sodium?

Answer 17

aldosterone

Question 18

what is the name given to the indentations of the renal pelvis that lie between the pyramids of the medulla?

Answer 18

calyces

Question 19

what is neohrosis

Answer 19

any disease of the kidney

Question 20

Name, one enzyme that secreted by the kidneys

Answer 20

renin

Question 21

Name, one hormone secreted by the kidneys

Answer 21

erythropoietin

Question 22

what is the function of the ureters

Answer 22

Transport of urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder via peristaltic movements of the smooth muscle within their walls

Question 23

What type of cell line the bladder wall and why?

Answer 23

transitional epithelial cells as they are elastic and allow the bladder to stretch when full

Question 24

What is the name given to the area between the ureteral openings and the neck of the bladder?

Answer 24

trigone

Question 25

in the glands located within the urethra that are present in the Tom camp, but not on the dog

Answer 25

bulbourethral glands

Question 26

what is the special type of unitary Cathro designed for indwelling us in Tom Cats

Answer 26

jackson cat catheter

Question 27

what is the name of a ring shaped muscle, which closes a natural orifice and contraction

Answer 27

a sphincter

Question 28

What is the pH of urine?

Answer 28

5-7

Question 29

how is ultrafiltrate produced

Answer 29

ultrafiltration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the renal capsule or bowman’s capsule in the kidneys. the bowman’s capsule contains a dense capillary network called the glomerulus. blood flows into the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole. the blood pressure in the efferent arteriole is higher than the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. this is because the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole