Urinary System

Question 1

The urinary system consists of 6 organs:

Answer 1

2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, Urinary bladder, and Urethra

Question 2

Primary role of kidney

Answer 2

excretion

Question 3

More roles of Kidney

Answer 3

1) filter blood plasma, separate wastes from chem, elimiate wastes while returning rest to blood
2) Regulate blood volume & pressure, by eliminating or preserving water
3) Regulate osmolarity
4) Secrete renin
5) Secrete erythropoietin
6) Collaborate with lungs to regulate PCO2
7) Carry out final stem Calcitrol
8) Carry out gluconeogenesis: deanimate amino acids, excrete amino group as ammonia, sythesize glucose from molecule.

Question 4

WAste

Answer 4

any substance that is useless to body or present in excess of bodys need.

Question 5

Metabolic waste

Answer 5

waste substance produced by body.

Question 6

Nitrogenous waste

Answer 6

Most toxic of metabolic wastes. About 50% is urea. Byproduct of protein catabolism.

Question 7

Several functions of kidneys in addition to urine formation

Answer 7

1) Filter blood plasma, separate wastes from useful chemicals, eliminate wastes, send rest to blood
2) Regulate blood volume and pressure by eliminating or conserving water, as necessary
3) Regulate osmolarity of body fluid by controlling water/solute elimination
4) Secrete RENIN, activates hormonal mechanisms control BP & electrolyte balance
5) Secrete ERYTHROPOIETIN stim. production of RBC supports oxygen carrying capacity of blood
6) Collaborate with lungs to regulate PCO2, acid-base balance of body fluids
7) Carry out final step in synthesizing the hormone calcitriol, continue calcium homeostasis
8) In extreme starvation: gluconeogenesis; deanimate amino acids, excrete amino group as ammonia, synthesize glucose from rest of molecule.

Question 8

Name major nitrogenous wastes and identify their sources:

Answer 8

1) Urea - 50% of nitrogenous waste. A by product of protein catabolism.
2) Uric acid and creatinine: produced by catabolism of nucleic acids and creatine phosphate.
3) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): wastes in blood
3i) Azotemia: elevated BUN; may indicate renal deficiency.
3ii) Uremia: syndrome of diarrhea, vomiting, dyspenea, cardiac arrhythmia

Question 9

Define excretion

Answer 9

Process of separating wastes from the body fluids and eliminating them. Carried out by: 1) respiratory system 2) integumentary system 3) digesting system 4) urinary system

Question 10

The systems that excrete waste:

Answer 10

1) respiratory system 2) integumentary system 3) digesting system 4) urinary system

Question 11

Describe location and general appearance of KIDNEY

Answer 11

Kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall @ vertebrae T12 - L3. Right kidney is lower because of liver.
Weighs 150g, 11cm long, 6cm wide, 3cm thick, size of a bar of soap.
Looks like a kidney bean!

Question 12

Major external features of kidney

Answer 12

Lateral surface: convex
Medial surface: concave, has slit: hilum.
3 layers: 1) Renal fascia 2) Perinrenal fat capsule 3) fibrous capsule

Question 13

Major internal features of kidney

Answer 13

1) Renal cortex, have extentions Renal Colums
2) Renal pyramids (blunt point: renal papilla)
3) Minor calyx: cup-like: collects urine
4) Major calyx: forms Renal Pelvis

Question 14

What is the flow of blood through the kidney?

Answer 14

From Aorta -> Renal a. -> Segmental a. -> interlobar a. -> Arcuate a. -> Interlobular a. -> Afferent arteriole -> Glomerulus -> Efferent Arteriole -> Peritubular capillaires -> Interlobular v. -> Arcuate v. -> Interlobar v. -> Renal v. -> back to Inferior vena cava