urinary system

Question 1

afferent arteriole

Answer 1

place blood flows into the glomerulus from

Question 2

arcuate arteries

Answer 2

located at the base of the pyramids and separate the medulla from the cortex.

Question 3

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 3

the concentration of urea nitrogen in blood and is the end produce of cellular metabolism. elevation of this means renal impairment and increased protein catabolism.

Question 4

bowman’s capsule

Answer 4

structure that surrounds the glomerulus, part of filtration system and has water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids

Question 5

calyx

Answer 5

part of the collecting system adjacent to the pyramid that collects urine and is connected to the major calyx.

Question 6

columns of of bertin

Answer 6

bands of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids; a prominent column of Bertin may mimic a renal mass on sonography.

Question 7

cortex

Answer 7

outer parenchyma of an organ, in the kidney they have the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron. The neonatal kidney is thin with echogenicity similar to or slightly greater than that of the normal liver parenchyma.

Question 8

creatinine (Cr)

Answer 8

one of the laboratory tests used to measure the ability of the kidney to get rid of waste; waste products accumulates in the blood when the kidneys are malfunctioning.

Question 9

dromedary hump

Answer 9

normal variant that occurs on the left kidney as a bulge on the lateral border.

Question 10

ectopic kidney

Answer 10

located outside of the normal position, most often in the pelvic cavity.

Question 11

efferent arteriole

Answer 11

blood from this structure supplies the peritubular capillaries, which also supply the convoluted tubules.

Question 12

gerota’s fascia

Answer 12

another term for renal fascia; the kidney is covered by the renal capsule, perirenal fat, gerota fascia, and pararenal fat.

Question 13

glomerulus

Answer 13

part of the filtration process in the kidney

Question 14

hilus

Answer 14

area of kidney where vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit

Question 15

homeostasis

Answer 15

maintenance of normal body physiology

Question 16

horseshoe kidney

Answer 16

congenital malformation in which both kidneys are joined together by an isthmus, most commonly at the lower poles

Question 17

hydronephrosis

Answer 17

dilation of the renal collecting system

Question 18

loop of henle

Answer 18

portion of the renal tubule lying between the proximal and distal convoluted portions; reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of henle.

Question 19

major calyces/infundibulum

Answer 19

receives urine from the minor calyces to convey to the loop of henle

Question 20

medulla

Answer 20

the inner portion of the renal parachyma that has the loop of henle

Question 21

minor calyces

Answer 21

receives urine from renal pyramids and; forms the border of the renal sinus

Question 22

Morrison’s pouch

Answer 22

right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate.

Question 23

nephron

Answer 23

functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Question 24

renal agenesis

Answer 24

interruption in the normal development of the kidney resulting in the absence of the kidney; may be unilateral or bilateral

Question 25

renal capsule

Answer 25

first layer adjacent to the kidney that forms a touch, fibrous covering.

Question 26

renal corpuscle

Answer 26

part of the nephron that consists of bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus.

Question 27

renal ectopia

Answer 27

kidney not located in its usual position

Question 28

renal hilum

Answer 28

area in the midportion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit.

Question 29

renal hypoplasia

Answer 29

incomplete development of the kidney, usually with fewer than five calyces

Question 30

renal pelvis

Answer 30

the upper expanded end of the ureter

Question 31

renal pyramids

Answer 31

inner surface of the medulla folded into projections

Question 32

renal sinus

Answer 32

where their prominent papillae project into the lumina of the minor calyces

Question 33

retroperitonium

Answer 33

peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity

Question 34

specific gravity

Answer 34

measurement of the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine.

Question 35

ureter

Answer 35

A 25 cm, tubular structure whose proximal end of expanded and continuous with the funnel shape of the renal pelvis.

Question 36

urethra

Answer 36

a membranous tube that passes from the anterior part of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 37

urinary bladder

Answer 37

large muscular bag located above and behind the pubic bone. urine accumulates in here until increased pressure stimulates the organ’s receptors to relax the urethra’s sphincter and urine is released from the bladder.

Question 38

urolithiasis

Answer 38

a stone located in the urinary system.