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Anaphy Lec > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra

A

Urinary System

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2
Q

filter blood

A

kidney

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3
Q

the remaining water and solutes that wasn’t returned constitute to

A

urine

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4
Q

help maintain homeostasis

A

kidney

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5
Q

4 functions of kidney

A
  • Regulation of ion levels in the blood
  • Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
  • Regulation of blood pH
  • Production of hormones
  • Excretion of wastes
  • Red blood cell production (Erythropoietin hormone)
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6
Q

hormone that catalyzes the
conversion of plasma protein into
angiotensin I

A

renin

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7
Q

hormones that stimulates RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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8
Q

Originally called the excretory system

A

Urinary System

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9
Q

lie on either side of the vertebral
column between the peritoneum and the back
wall of the abdominal cavity.

A

kidney/s

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10
Q

Each kidney is enclosed in

A

renal corpuscle

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11
Q

Blood enters the kidney through

A

renal artery

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12
Q

Blood leaves the kidney through

A

renal vein

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13
Q

The functional units of the kidney

A

nephrons

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14
Q

where blood plasma is filtered

A

Renal corpuscle

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15
Q

only found in the renal cortex

A

glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman’s)
capsule

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16
Q

filtered fluid passes

A

renal tubule

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17
Q

found in either renal cortex or medulla

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • the nephron loop
  • distal convoluted tubule
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18
Q

True or False:
Does each nephron also has its own blood supply?

A

True

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19
Q

The distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty into

A

common collecting duct

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20
Q

True or False:
The filtered fluid first enters the glomerular capsule and then passes into the renal tubule

A

True

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21
Q

The collecting duct is influenced by

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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22
Q

a branch of the abdominal aorta

A

renal artery

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23
Q

connected to the inferior vena cava

A

renal artery

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24
Q

connected to the inferior vena cava

A

renal vein

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25
Q

first step of urine production

A

Glomerular filtration

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26
Q

production; blood pressure forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across the wall of glomerular capillaries

A

Glomerular filtration

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27
Q

returning most of the filtered water and many of the filtered solutes to the blood

A

Tubular reabsorption

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28
Q

second basic function of the nephrons and collecting ducts

A

Tubular reabsorption

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29
Q

the tubule and duct remove substances, such as wastes, drugs, and excess ions, from blood

A

tubular secretion

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30
Q

carry out tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

A

renal tubules and collecting ducts

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31
Q

retains substances needed by the body

A

Tubular reabsorption

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32
Q

hormone that enhances reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-

A

Angiotensian II

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33
Q

stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

A

Angiotensian II

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34
Q

stimulates the collecting ducts to reabsorb more Na+ and Cl- and secrete more K+

A

aldosterone

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35
Q

inhibits reabsorption of Na (and Cl and water)

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

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36
Q

reduces blood volume

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

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37
Q

major hormone that regulates water reabsorption

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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38
Q

produced in the zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone

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39
Q

True or False:
Where the sodium goes, the water do not follow

A

false

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40
Q

decreases urine output and increases blood volume

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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41
Q

Urine produced by the nephrons drains to?

A

minor calyces

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42
Q

minor calyces forms?

A

major calyces

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43
Q

major calyces forms?

A

renal pelvis

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44
Q

where does urine from renal pelvis drain first into

A

ureters

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45
Q

where does urine drain to after the ureters?

A

urinary bladder

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46
Q

urine is discharged from the body through

A

urethra

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47
Q

transport urine from the renal pelvis of the right and left kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

ureter/ 2 ureters

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48
Q

wall of the uterus that is innermost (mucosa)

A

transitional epithelium

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49
Q

wall of ureter that is the middle layer

A

smooth muscle

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50
Q

where kidney stones are usually located

A

constriction in the ureter

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51
Q

hollow muscular organ in pelvic cavity

A

urinary bladder

52
Q

posterior to pubic symphysis

A

urinary bladder

53
Q

function of urinary bladder

A

store urine

54
Q

mucosa of urinary bladder contains

A

transitional epithelium and rugae

55
Q

3 layers of smooth muscle found in the muscular layer of the wall

A

detrusor muscle

56
Q

outer coating of the muscular layer of the wall

A

fibrous covering

57
Q

terminal portion of the urinary system

A

urethra

58
Q

small tube leasing from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body

A

urethra

59
Q

True of False:
Men are more prone to UTI

A

false

60
Q

True of False:
the urethral orifice of women is located near the anus

A

true

61
Q

True of False:
women have shorter urethra

A

true

62
Q

reflex that contracts the detrusor muscle

A

micturition reflex

63
Q

True or False:
potty training starts at 3 years old

A

true

64
Q

True or False:
urine is about 1-2 Liters in 24 hours; yellow or amber color; transparent but becomes cloudy; has a pH level between 4.5-8.0; and density is equal to distilled water

A

true

65
Q

True or False:
kidney shrink as we age w/ decreased blood flow and filters less blood

A

true

66
Q

True or False:
common problems in aging include UTI, decreased urination and kidney stones

A

false

67
Q

True or False:
80% of the extracellular fluid occupies space between tissue cells?

A

true

68
Q

how many percent of the total body mass is built up of body fluids?

A

55-60%

69
Q

body fluid also known as cytosol; the fluid within the cells

A

intracellular fluid (ICF)

70
Q

body fluids outside the cells

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

71
Q

True or False:
70% of the ECF is interstitial fluid and 30% is blood plasma

A

false

72
Q

barriers that separate intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma

A

plasma membrane and blood vessels walls

73
Q

Means that various body compartments contain the normal amount of water and solutes

A

Fluid balance

74
Q

the largest single component in the body

A

water

75
Q

inorganic substance that dissociates into ions in solution

A

electrolytes

76
Q

Daily water gain and loss are each about

A

2,300 mL/day

77
Q

is lost from the body through urine, evaporation from the skin surface, exhalation by the lungs, and defecation

A

water

78
Q

An area in the hypothalamus that governs the urge to drink

A

thirst center

79
Q

water loss is greater than water gain

A

dehydration

80
Q

hormone that increases the volume of body fluids

A

aldosterone

81
Q

hormone that decreases blood volume

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

82
Q

an increase in the osmotic pressure of body fluids stimulates ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

83
Q

The normal pH of systemic arterial blood

A

7.35 to 7.45

84
Q

systemic arterial blood pH below 7.35; it causes depression of the central nervous system (CNS)

A

acidosis

85
Q

systemic arterial blood pH above 7.45; its principal effect is overexcitability of the CNS

A

alkalosis

86
Q

kidney problem; lung compensates

A

Metabolic alkalosis

87
Q

Shape and size: bean shaped, weighs 5 oz. (bar of soap or size of fist)

A

kidney

88
Q

between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra

A

kidney

89
Q

connective tissue around each kidney

A

renal capsule

90
Q

central indentation of the kidney

A

hilum

91
Q

contains renal artery, veins, nerves, ureter

A

hilum

92
Q

contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, fat

A

renal sinus

93
Q

inner portion of the kidney

A

renal medulla

94
Q

pyramid-like structure in between renal cortex and renal medulla

A

renal pyramid

95
Q

at the tip of renal pyramid

A

calyx

96
Q

narrows to form ureter

A

renal pelvis

97
Q

enlarged end of the nephron

A

renal corpuscle or bowman capsule

98
Q

surrounds the glomerulus

A

renal corpuscle or bowman capsule

99
Q

network of capillaries

A

glomerulus

100
Q

Filtrate from the Bowman’s space will first flow thru

A

proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)

101
Q

contains descending and ascending loops

A

loop of henle

102
Q

structure between Loop of Henle and collecting duct

A

Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT)

103
Q

empties into the tip of the pyramid to the calyces

A

Collecting duct (CD)

104
Q

carry fluid from cortex through medulla

A

Collecting duct (CD)

105
Q

URINE FORMATION:
movement of materials across the filtration membrane into Bowman’s capsule to form filtrate

A

filtration

106
Q

URINE FORMATION:
Water and solutes pass from the interstitial fluid into the peritubular capillaries

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

107
Q

URINE FORMATION:
Solutes are secreted across the wall of the nephron into the filtrate

A

TUBULAR SECRETION

108
Q

how many liters of filtrate are produced by nephrons everyday

A

180 L

109
Q

how many Liters becomes urine

A

1.8 L

110
Q

transmitted to glomerular capillary pressure that influenced filtration pressure

A

Blood pressure

111
Q

forces fluid OUT of the filtration membrane into Bowman’s capsule

A

Filtration pressure

112
Q

determined by glomerular filtration pressure, minus Bowman capsular pressure, and colloid osmotic pressure

A

TOTAL FILTRATION PRESSURE

113
Q

primary site for reabsorption of solutes and water

A

Proximal tubule

114
Q

concentrates filtrate

A

Descending Loop of Henle

115
Q

damaged nephrons, less than 15% functioning nephrons

A

kidney failure

116
Q

waste products of metabolism, accumulate in the blood, may reach toxic levels, (eg. excess Potassium may cause fatal arrhythmias)

A

kidney failure

117
Q

acts as artificial kidney

A

Hemodialysis

118
Q

filtering blood thru a catheter

A

Hemodialysis

119
Q

decreases ADH, more urine output

A

ALCOHOL

120
Q

decreases ADH, increase urine frequency

A

COFFEE

121
Q

urine will smell of which if you had too much

A

COFFEE

122
Q

contains caffeine, also a diuretic

A

TEA

123
Q

an automatic reflex, but can be inhibited or stimulated by higher brain center

A

Micturition Reflex

124
Q

Total urinary bladder capacity

A

1000 mL

125
Q

% of filtrate reabsorbed from tubules to
capillaries

A

99

Anaphy Lec (1 decks)

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