Urinary System

Question 1

What comprises the urinary system?

Answer 1

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder and 1 urethra

Question 2

Where is the position of the kidneys?

Answer 2

Retro peritoneal, positioned between T12 and L3

Question 3

What are the kidneys protected by?

Answer 3

11th and 12th ribs

Question 4

Size of kidneys?

Answer 4

10cm x 5cmx 3cmx

Question 5

The kidney is surrounded by?

Answer 5

A fibrous capsule

Question 6

Made up of an outer?

Answer 6

Cortex

Question 7

Made up of an inner?

Answer 7

Medulla

Question 8

Medulla houses?

Answer 8

Renal pyramids which form collecting ducts

Question 9

Renal cortex and renal pyramids in the medulla make up?

Answer 9

The parenchyma - functioning portion of the kidney

Question 10

Parenchyma house?

Answer 10

Nephrons

Question 11

Process of filtrate drainage?

Answer 11

Nephrons➡️large papillary ducts➡️renal papillae of renal pyramids and into ➡️cup like extensions called calyces

Question 12

Each kidney has how many nephrons?

Answer 12

2 million

Question 13

Nephrons begin in?

Answer 13

The cortex, dip down into the medulla and then return up to the cortex.

Question 14

Nephrons end in the?

Answer 14

Collecting ducts

Question 15

The glomerulus sits inside?

Answer 15

Bowman’s capsule

Question 16

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 16

Network of capillaries

Question 17

The tubule route taken by the filtrate from the glomerulus is:

Answer 17

Through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) > into the loop of Henle > returns to distal convoluted tubule (DCT) > collecting ducts > papillary ducts > Minor calyces > major calyces > renal pelvis > ureter > leaves kidney

Question 18

Where does glomerular filtration occur?

Answer 18

Glomerular capillaries in bowmans space

Question 19

Blood enters via the?

Answer 19

Afferent arteriole

Question 20

Excess fluid, useful and waste substances are filtered through?

Answer 20

Bowman’s capsule

Question 21

Remaining blood components return to circulation via the?

Answer 21

Efferent arteriole

Question 22

Normal GFR for females?

Answer 22

105ml/min

Question 23

Normal GFR for males?

Answer 23

125ml/min

Question 24

Length and diameter of ureters?

Answer 24

20-25cm length

1-10mm in diameter

Question 25

Position of ureters?

Answer 25

Retro peritoneal

Question 26

Ureters pass?

Answer 26

Medially and obliquely through posterior walls of the abdomen

Question 27

The female bladder is?

Answer 27

Anterior to the vagina and inferior to the urerus

Question 28

The male bladder is ?

Answer 28

Anterior to the rectum

Question 29

The bladder holds?

Answer 29

700-800ml of urine

Question 30

Female urethra is?

Answer 30

4cm

Question 31

Male urethra is?

Answer 31

20cm

Question 32

Concentrate of glucose in urine indicates?

Answer 32

Diabetes mellitus

Question 33

Concentrate of microbes in urine indicate?

Answer 33

Infection

Question 34

Concentrate of albumin in urine indicate?

Answer 34

Damage to renal membrane

Question 35

Concentrate of RBCs Indicate?

Answer 35

Inflammation to renal cells or renal stones

Question 36

Concentrate of urinobilogen in urine indicates?

Answer 36

Liver disease

Question 37

Concentration of ketones in urine indicate?

Answer 37

Anorexia, diabetes, starvation