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Kidneys, Bladder And Reproductive System > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder and 1 urethra

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2
Q

Where is the position of the kidneys?

A

Retro peritoneal, positioned between T12 and L3

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3
Q

What are the kidneys protected by?

A

11th and 12th ribs

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4
Q

Size of kidneys?

A

10cm x 5cmx 3cmx

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5
Q

The kidney is surrounded by?

A

A fibrous capsule

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6
Q

Made up of an outer?

A

Cortex

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7
Q

Made up of an inner?

A

Medulla

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8
Q

Medulla houses?

A

Renal pyramids which form collecting ducts

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9
Q

Renal cortex and renal pyramids in the medulla make up?

A

The parenchyma - functioning portion of the kidney

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10
Q

Parenchyma house?

A

Nephrons

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11
Q

Process of filtrate drainage?

A

Nephrons➡️large papillary ducts➡️renal papillae of renal pyramids and into ➡️cup like extensions called calyces

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12
Q

Each kidney has how many nephrons?

A

2 million

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13
Q

Nephrons begin in?

A

The cortex, dip down into the medulla and then return up to the cortex.

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14
Q

Nephrons end in the?

A

Collecting ducts

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15
Q

The glomerulus sits inside?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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16
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

Network of capillaries

17
Q

The tubule route taken by the filtrate from the glomerulus is:

A

Through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) > into the loop of Henle > returns to distal convoluted tubule (DCT) > collecting ducts > papillary ducts > Minor calyces > major calyces > renal pelvis > ureter > leaves kidney

18
Q

Where does glomerular filtration occur?

A

Glomerular capillaries in bowmans space

19
Q

Blood enters via the?

A

Afferent arteriole

20
Q

Excess fluid, useful and waste substances are filtered through?

A

Bowman’s capsule

21
Q

Remaining blood components return to circulation via the?

A

Efferent arteriole

22
Q

Normal GFR for females?

A

105ml/min

23
Q

Normal GFR for males?

A

125ml/min

24
Q

Length and diameter of ureters?

A

20-25cm length

1-10mm in diameter

25
Q

Position of ureters?

A

Retro peritoneal

26
Q

Ureters pass?

A

Medially and obliquely through posterior walls of the abdomen

27
Q

The female bladder is?

A

Anterior to the vagina and inferior to the urerus

28
Q

The male bladder is ?

A

Anterior to the rectum

29
Q

The bladder holds?

A

700-800ml of urine

30
Q

Female urethra is?

A

4cm

31
Q

Male urethra is?

A

20cm

32
Q

Concentrate of glucose in urine indicates?

A

Diabetes mellitus

33
Q

Concentrate of microbes in urine indicate?

A

Infection

34
Q

Concentrate of albumin in urine indicate?

A

Damage to renal membrane

35
Q

Concentrate of RBCs Indicate?

A

Inflammation to renal cells or renal stones

36
Q

Concentrate of urinobilogen in urine indicates?

A

Liver disease

37
Q

Concentration of ketones in urine indicate?

A

Anorexia, diabetes, starvation

Kidneys, Bladder And Reproductive System (2 decks)

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