Urinary Study Guide Flashcards Unit 2

Question 1

Regulation of filtration rate by autoregulation

Answer 1

Renal autoregulation: Regulated by Myogenic.

With increased BP, the afferent arteriole walls stretch. This decreases GFR with constricting lumen.

With Decline in glomerular BP, dilation of AA and G. Capillaries constrict of EA. this increases GFR

Question 2

Regulation of filtration Rate by Hormonal Regulation

What does Angiotensin II

Answer 2

Angiotensin II- decreases blood volume or pressure by constricting AE and EA. Decreases flow

Question 3

Regulation of filtration Rate by Hormonal Regulation

what does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

Answer 3

increased angiotensin II or decrease volume of extracellular fluid.

increases blood volume to return GFR to normal.

Question 4

Regulation of filtration Rate by Hormonal Regulation

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 4

Secreted from adrenal cortex because of increases angiotensin II levels.

Increases reabsorption of Na+ and water by principals cells of the DCT collecting duct.

Increases blood volume to return GFR to normal

Question 5

Steps to adjust rate to control blood pressure

Answer 5

This is controlled by the JGA. The JGA is where the AA & AE (has JG cells) and beginning DCT (has macula densa).

Macula densa tells JC cells to produce Rennin when blood pressure falls.

2. AngiotensinOGEN (inactive) combines with Rennin to form
3. Angiotensin I which is converted by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
4. Angiotensin II- an active hormone which causes the adrenal cortex to secrete.
5. Aldosterone– adrenal hormone that increases reabsorption of Na+ and water.

BP returns to normal

Question 6

Histology question: Loop of henle

thin descending-
Thick ascending-

Answer 6

Thin descending is permeable to water but not solutes.

Thick ascending is impermeable to water and solutes. contains active transport mechanism for sodium and chloride.

Question 7

Process of urine production

Answer 7

1. filtration
2. reabsorption
3. secretion

Question 8

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

Answer 8

GLOMERULAR HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

(GHP) 55HG.

Opposing GF
CSHP(capsular hydrostatic pressure) -15mm
BCOP (blood colloid osmotic pressure- -30hg

net 10mm

Question 9

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 9

125 mls per minute or 180 liters per day

99% is reabsorbed, 1% is secreted.

Question 10

Filtration membrane layers

Answer 10

1. Glomerular capillary epithelium (fenestrations)
2. basal lamina (lamina densa of basement membrane (negative charge in prevents negative proteins)
3. filtration slits between pedicels of podocytes.

Question 11

Dilute vs concentrated urine

Answer 11

Depends on ADH (which controls water permeability in the last portion of DCT & collecting duct)

Decrease ADH- dilute urine, solution is low. excess water is excreted.

Increase ADH- concentrated urine, water is reabsorbed. solute concentration is high.

Question 12

diuretics

Answer 12

drugs that increase pee and produce dilute urine.

Question 13

Aldosterone

Answer 13

adrenal hormone that increases Na and water reabsorption.

Question 14

What two hormones that regulate reabsorption in the DCT & collecting ducts.

Answer 14

1. aldosterone- adreanl hormone that increases Na+ and water reabsorption.
2. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- produced by the hypothalamus

Question 15

99% of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed how

Answer 15

90% by osmosis and obligatory water reabsorption

10% is regulated by ADH Facultative Water reabsorption.

Question 16

urine lab (question #6)

Answer 16

normal volume- 750 to 2k ml per day.

Turbidity- excessive cellular material or protein in the urine or crystallization or precipitation salts.

Specific gravity- 1.001 to 1.030. below is hydration above is dehydration. over 1.035 contains high levels of glucose.