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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > Urinary & Respiratory > Flashcards

Urinary & Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures of the urinary system?

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q

What is the Kidney?

A

-makes urine

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3
Q

What are Ureters?

A
  • 2 tubes attached to renal pelvis

- they take the urine towards the bladder

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4
Q

What is the bladder?

A
  • stores urine before it is eliminated

- hollow organ made of muscular tissue

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5
Q

What is the Urethra?

A

-carries urine out of the body

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6
Q

left kidney vs right kidney ?

A

The left kidney is higher bc the intestines are larger on the left side of the body.

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7
Q

What are the four parts of the kidney?

A
  1. Renal Sinus: connects renal artery and vein to the kidney
  2. Renal Pelvis: funnel shaped sac that empties into ureter
  3. Renal Medulla: inner part of kidney where filtration happens
  4. Renal Cortex: she’ll around kidney to make hormones
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8
Q

What is the Urea?

A

Waste product of protein metabolism made by liver & emptied into kidney.

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9
Q

What is Urine?

A

Fluid containing

  • urea
  • creatinine
  • uric acid
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10
Q

What are Nephrons?

A
  • basic unit of kidney

- filtration

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11
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the Nephrons?

A
  1. Glomerulus: blood is filtered

2. Glomerular Capsule: surrounds glomerulus to receive fluid

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12
Q

Male Urethra vs Female Urethra

A

Male: part of urinary and reproductive system bc it transports urine and semen
Female: ONLY URINARY! shorter than males (1-2 inches) from bladder to external surface of body

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13
Q

What is the loop of Henle?

A
  • tube in the kidney that loops around the medulla

- era sorbs blood and water

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14
Q

What do the collecting ducts do?

A
  • moves the urine from the nephron tubes to the ureters

- end of the tube

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15
Q

How does the blood supply to the kidney work?

A
  • renal artery carries blood to the kidneys
  • Afferent arteries take the blood deeper into kidney
  • they are then filtered
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16
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • removal of salts
  • maintenance of water & fluid concentration
  • regulates ph/volume of fluids
  • control red blood cell production
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17
Q

What is elimination?

A

Urine exiting the body

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18
Q

What is micturition?

A
  • nerve center
  • alerts body that bladder is full
  • urge to pee
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19
Q

What is urination?

A

when the body releases urine from urethra

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20
Q

What is excretion?

A

-body eliminates waste

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21
Q

Where is EPO produced?

A

Kidney

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22
Q

What does EPO do? (Erythropoietin)

A

-hormone helping create red blood cells

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23
Q

How much urine is produce in an hour?

A

50-60 mL

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24
Q

When will a person feel the urge to pee?

A

When the bladder is at about 150 mL

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25
When is the urge to pee painful?
At about 600 mL
26
What would make urine cloudy, clear or orange?
Cloudy: puss from infection Orange: blood in urine Clear: drinking a lot of water
27
What is found in urine?
- urea - uric acid - water - creatinine
28
What is the term for wetting the bed?
Enuresis
29
What is the incontinence?
-not being able to bladder
30
What is dysuria?
-pain when peeing
31
What is Polyuria?
-an increase in urination
32
What is hematuria?
-having blood in the urine
33
Why would women get more urinary tract infections?
Women's urethras are not covered like men's. Being out in the open gives it better chances of getting infected
34
What is lithotripsy?
-surgery used to break down kidney stones so they can pass
35
What are is Hemodialysis?
- blood drawn from one arm - goes through machine to remove impurities - returns new blood to other arm
36
What is Peritoneal Dialysis?
- bag of fluid is emptied in to peritoneal cavity - peritoneal acts as own filter - bag is then lowered and contents drain back in the bag
37
What is a urinalysis?
-pee is used and tested to determine disease, drugs, use, etc
38
What are the functions of the respiratory system?(6)
1. take in oxygen & take out carbon dioxide 2. trap particles from air 3. control temp of air 4. make sounds 5. play a part in smells 6. regulate blood ph
39
What are the upper parts of the respiratory tract?
- nasal cavity--hollow part of nose - septum--separates nostrils - conchae--bones in nose - paranasal sinuses--air filled space in bone - pharynx--throat
40
What are the lower parts of the respiratory tract?
- larynx--area containing vocal chords - trachea--windpipe used to Cary air from pharynx to bronchi - bronchial tree--branched air ways to the air sacs in the lungs
41
What do the paranasal sinuses do?
- hollow space in nose - make the skull lighter - makes resonance for sound quality
42
What structures help produce sound?
- larynx | - paranasal sinus
43
What is the difference between internal and external respiration?
External takes place in the lungs | Internal occurs in the metabolic tissues
44
What causes inspiration?
-happens when lung pressure decreases
45
What causes expiration?
-the relaxation of respiration muscles
46
Where does the exchange of gas take place?
-lungs&alveoli
47
How does the pressure in the chest change due to the movement of the diaphram?
- it pulls down on the base of the lungs, causing a vacuum moving air in to atmospheric pressure - it relaxes and causes the tissue to recoil forcing the air out
48
Lungs have elastic recoil, what does this mean and what does it help?
-the lungs tissue returns back to normal state this helps push the air back out
49
What is tidal volume?
-amount of air that the lungs take in and push out during a breath
50
What is vital capacity?
-the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible
51
What is a total lung capacity?
-the volume of air in the lungs after a deepest breath possible
52
What structures are found in a nasal cavity?
- lined with mucosa membrane that helps keep your nose moist by making mucus - small hair like structures catch things like pollen
53
What chemoreceptors are involved in respiration?
-medulla oblongata
54
What is the role of the epiglottis?
- flap of cartilage at root of tongue | - depresses during swallowing to cover opening of windpipe
55
What is Otitis Media?
- infection o fiddle ear - caused by blockage of eustachian tube - symptoms:pain, hearing loss, vertigo, fever - treatment: tubes put in ear
56
What is tonsillitis?
-tonsils are masses of lymphatic tissue -protects throat from pathogens Treatment: tonsils are removed
57
What is laryngitis?
- inflammation of the larynx - symptoms: hoarseness, inability to talk - treatment: medication, refrain from speech
58
What is Bronchitis?
- inflammation of bronchi - symptoms: productive cough - treatment: medication
59
What is Pulmonary Tuberculosis?
- bacterial infection - symptoms: coughing, blood - treatment: medical tests such as X-rays & hospitalization
60
What is chronic bronchitis?
- airways filled with mucus - cilia do not function - smoking is main cause
61
What is emphysema?
- limited gas exchange - walls f alveoli are damaged - shortness of breath and or cough
62
What is asthma?
- inflammation of the airways - leads to shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness - airways are sensitive to irritation
63
What is pneumonia?
- fluid build up in the lungs - decreases oxygen capacity - cough, fever, aches, chills

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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