Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ch 37 Structure and Function of The Renal And Urologic Systems Questions > Urinary / Renal System > Flashcards

Urinary / Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney Functions:

A

Regulates water volume, concentrations, and pH levels

Influences red blood cell production and blood pressure

Continuously filter blood; hold 20% of blood volume at any given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Kidneys lie between the dorsal wall and the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kidney layers

A

Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outermost cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Renal medulla

A

A set of cone-shaped masses of tissue that secrete urine into tiny sac-like tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Renal pelvis

A

A funnel-shaped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses peristalsis to move urine out of the kidney, into the ureter, and to the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nephron

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
  4. Filtration
  5. Collection
  6. Excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nephron structures

A

Renal corpuscle- contains glomerular capsule
Glomerular capsule- also called Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus- inside the glomerular capsule and looks like a ball of yarn
Renal tubule
Vasa recta- peritubular capillaries where blood cells and proteins exit to stay in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Filtrate

A

Everything squeezed out of the blood into the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal tubule parts

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  2. Nephron loop (loop of Henle)
  3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
  4. Collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Long and curvy structure of the renal tubule allows for

A

Tubular reabsorption

The loop is long to provide more time for reabsorption to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urea

A

Necessary for the kidneys to ramp up the concentration gradient earlier in the process, making the medulla even saltier (higher osmolarity) for the filtrate that’s going through the ascending limb

The salt passively draws out more water from the collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tubular secretion

A

Actively transports select kinds of wastes that have already made their way into the blood that’s in the peritubular capillaries, ready to leave the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Urination

A

Removes toxins to help maintain water-volume homeostasis, or blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Urine contains

A

95% water

5% solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal urinalysis

A

pH 6: slightly acidic

clear/yellow in color depending on hydration status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Leukocytes

A

Pyuria- leukocytes in the urine

Indicates urinary tract infection (UTI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glucose

A

Glycosuria- glucose in the urine

Indicates diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Hematuria- erythrocytes or red blood cells in the urine

Indicates bleeding in the urinary tract

20
Q

Proteins

A

Proteinuria, albuminuria- proteins in the urine

Indicates excessive exercise, pregnancy, high blood pressure, heart failure, or severe hypertension

21
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

The amount of blood that passes through the glomeruli every minute

22
Q

Autoregulation

A

Intrinsic control of the filtration rate through normal ranges of blood pressures

23
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to help the body retain water and stay hydrated.

Move aquaporins from basal side to apical side which allows more water to leave the urine and allow for more water reabsorption.

Inhibited by caffeine and alcohol

24
Q

Bladder

A

Hollow, collapsible sac that temporarily holds urine

25
Q

Ureters

A

Pair of slender tubes that drop down to the posterior urinary bladder

Contain smooth muscle that contracts to move urine using peristalsis

26
Q

Bladder wall

A

Inner mucosa- contains transitional epithelium which allows the bladder to expand so it can hold more urine

Detrusor- thick muscular layer

Outer membrane- fibrous protective layer

27
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

Made of skeletal muscles and controlled voluntarily

28
Q

Urination

A

Parasympathetic neurons are stimulated while sympathetic system is inhibited

  1. The detrusor contracts
  2. The internal urethral sphincter opens
  3. The external urethral sphincter opens
29
Q

Pontine storage area (in the pons in the brain)

A

Inhibits urination

30
Q

Pontine micturation center (in the pons in the brain)

A

Stimulates / activates urination

31
Q

Kidneys have

A

2 capillary beds which connect the arteries to the veins

  1. Vasa recta- gives oxygen to the kidneys
  2. Peritubular capillaries- collecting nutrients that the kidneys will filter out
32
Q

Blood enters the kidneys through the

A

Renal artery

33
Q

Renal veins

A

Take what is reabsorbed by the kidneys and bring it back to the blood

34
Q

Nephron

A

Single functional unit of the kidneys

Functional unit in filtration and collection

Sits between the renal cortex and the renal medulla

35
Q

Renal calyx

A

First part of the kidneys where urine is present

36
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Collects the urine from all the renal calyces

37
Q

Kidneys maintain homeostasis

A

Maintains pH by regulating hydrogen ions

Maintains BP by regulating sodium and chloride ions

Maintains osmolarity

Secretes waste products, such as urea

38
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

Collects the filtrate from the glomerulus

39
Q

Podocytes

A

Specialized epithelial cells only seen at the glomerulus; have lots of branches that intertwine; form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

40
Q

Glomerular capillaries

A

Have fenestration slits / pores which help filter the blood when it flows through the capillaries.

Glomerular capillaries have a filtration membrane

41
Q

Female urethra

A

The female urethra is much shorter than the male urethra which is why women get more UTIs

42
Q

Renal blood flow is autoregulated

A

Autoregulation- locally controlled blood flow despite fluctuating blood pressure.

43
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Renal hormone that stimulates RBC production in response to hypoxia

44
Q

Vitamin D

A

Renal hormone that activates the kidneys (Ca and PO4 balance)

45
Q

Ureters

A

30 cm long

Long, intertwining muscle bundles

Pass obliquely through posterior aspect of bladder

Peristaltic activity

Micturation compresses the lower end of the ureter to avoid urine reflux

Ch 37 Structure and Function of The Renal And Urologic Systems Questions (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions