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Y2 Renal Anatomy > Urinary Incontinence and Renal System > Flashcards

Urinary Incontinence and Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the nerve supply for ureteric peristalsis

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

Outline the nerve supply for bladder contraction

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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3
Q

Outline the nerve supply for urethral sphincter control

A

INTERNAL: Sympathetic, parasympathetic

EXTERNAL AND LEVATOR ANI: Somatic motor

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4
Q

Which areas of the urinary tract are supplied by visceral afferents?

A 
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Testis
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5
Q

Which areas of the urinary tract are supplied by somatic sensory nerves?

A

Urethra

Testis

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6
Q

What is the nerve supply used for voluntary control of elimination from the bladder?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic motor
Visceral afferent

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7
Q

What is the nerve supply to the perineum?

A

Somatic sensory

Somatic motor

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8
Q

What type of nerve fibre supplies sensory innervation to the soma?

A

Somatic sensory fibres

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9
Q

What type of nerve fibre supplies sensory innervation to the viscera?

A

Visceral afferent fibres

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10
Q

What type of nerve fibre supplies motor innervation to the soma?

A

Somatic motor fibres

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11
Q

What type of nerve fibre supplies motor innervation to the viscera?

A

Sympathetic fibres

Parasympathetic fibres

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12
Q

The sympathetic fibres leave the CNS via spinal nerves between what vertebral levels? What is this known as?

A

T1-L2

Thoracolumbar outflow

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13
Q

Sympathetic fibres reach SM/ glands of body wall via…

A

Spinal nerves

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14
Q

Sympathetic fibres reach SM/ glands of body via…

A

Cardiopulmonary or abdominopelvic splanchic nerves

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15
Q

Sympathetic fibres reach SM/ glands of head via…

A

Hitching a ride with arteries that supply the structure

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16
Q

Sympathetic chains run the entire length of the vertebral column. True/ False?

A

True

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17
Q

Outline the route taken by sympathetic nerves from the CNS to the KUB

A

Leave spinal cord between T10-L2
–> Sympathetic chains
–> Abdominopelvic splanchic nerves
–> Synapse at abdominal sympathetic ganglia
–> Post-synaptic nerve onto surface of arteries
towards organs

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18
Q

What is a periarterial plexus?

A

Collection of nerve fibres on outside of arteries

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19
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres leave the CNS? What is this known as?

A

CNs III, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal nerves

Craniosacral outflow

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20
Q

Parasympathetic nerves do not innervate…

A

SM/glands of body wall

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21
Q

Parasympathetic fibres reach the SM/ glands of head via…

A

Cranial nerves

22
Q

Parasympathetic fibres reach the hindgut and pelvic organs via…

A

Pelvic splanchic nerves

23
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres travel from the CNS to the KUB?

A

Kidneys and ureter: Vagus nerve

Bladder: S2,3,4 spinal nerves –> Pelvic splanchic nerves

24
Q

How do somatic nerve fibres travel from the CNS to the KUB?

A

Don’t travel to these structures only to the body wall and perineum (urethra and sphincter)

25
Q

Describe pain coming from the kidneys

A

Dull achy pain in the loin

26
Q

Describe pain coming from the bladder

A

Dull achy suprapubic pain

27
Q

Describe pain coming from ureteric calculi

A

Loin to groin pain

28
Q

Describe pain coming from the perineal urethra

A

Localised sharp pain in perineum

29
Q

How do visceral afferent nerve fibres travel from the kidneys to the CNS?

A

Run along sympathetic fibres back to spinal cord entering between T11 and L1

30
Q

How do visceral afferent nerve fibres travel from the ureters to the CNS?

A

Run along sympathetic fibres back to the spinal cord entering between T11 and L2

31
Q

How do visceral afferent nerve fibres travel from the bladder to the CNS?

A

PART THAT TOUCHES PERITONEUM (SUPERIOR):
Run along sympathetic fibres back to spinal cord entering beteen T11 and L2
REST OF BLADDER:
Run along parasympathetic fibres back to spinal cord entering at levels S2,3,4

32
Q

How do visceral afferent nerve fibres travel from the urethra to the CNS?

A 
PROXIMAL URETHRA (above levator ani):
Run along parasympathetic fibres back to spinal cord entering at levels S2,3,4
33
Q

How do somatic sensory nerve fibres travel from the urethra to the CNS?

A

DISTAL URETHRA:

Run along pudenal nerve back to spinal cord entering at levels S2,3,4

34
Q

How do visceral afferent nerve fibres travel from the testis to the CNS?

A

Run along sympathetic fibres back to spinal cord entering between T10 and T11

35
Q

Nerve fibres controlling urine flow enter and leave the spinal cord between what levels?

A

S2,3,4

36
Q

List the nerve fibres involved in controlling urine flow

A

Visceral afferent fibres
Pelvis splanchic nerves (parasympathetic)
Pudenal nerves (somatic motor and sensory)

37
Q

Outline the five stages of urine flow

A
  1. As bladder flows, sensed by stretch receptors at end of visceral afferent fibres
  2. Information is transmitted to CNs via S2,3,4 spinal cord levels
  3. Reflex to empty bladder via detrusor muscle and inhibition of internal sphincter muscles
  4. In potty trained individuals, the brain overrides this reflex and an AP in inhibitory nerve fibres passes from the cortex causing voluntary contraction of EUS and levator ani
  5. During micturation, cerebral inhibition of this reflex is lifted, followed by coordinated contraction and relaxation
38
Q

During micturation, which muscles are contracted?

A

Anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

Detrusor muscle

39
Q

During micturation, which muscles are relaxed?

A

Internal urethral sphincter
External urethral sphincter
Levator ani

40
Q

What are nerve plexuses?

A

A collection of named nerves from the body wall formed from the anterior ramii of spinal nerves

41
Q

List the named nerves of the sacral plexus and the areas they supply

A 
Pudenal nerve (perineum)
Sciatic nerve
--> Common fibular nerve  (superficial for lateral leg, deep for anterior leg, tibial branch for posterior leg and intrinsic foot)
42
Q

List the named nerves of the lumbar plexus and the areas they supply

A 
Iliohypogastric nerve (lateral glutes)
Ilioinguinal nerve (perineum)
Lateral cutaneous nerve (lateral thigh)
Femoral nerve (lateral to psoas major, anterior thigh)
Genitofemoral nerve (surface of psoas)
Obturator nerve (medial to psoas major, medial thigh)
43
Q

State the nerve roots the pudenal nerve is derived from

A

S2,3,4

44
Q

State the nerve roots the sciatic nerve is derived from

A

L4-S3

45
Q

State the nerve root the iliohypogastric nerve is derived from

A

L1

46
Q

State the nerve root the ilioinguinal nerve is derived from

A

L1

47
Q

State the nerve roots the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is derived from

A

L2,3

48
Q

State the nerve roots the femoral nerve is derived from

A

L2,3,4

49
Q

State the nerve roots the genitofemoral nerve is derived from

A

L1,2

50
Q

State the nerve roots the obturator nerve is derived from

A

L2,3,4

Y2 Renal Anatomy (6 decks)

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