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Urinary > Urinary Histology > Flashcards

Urinary Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Renal corpuscles include and where are they positioned in the kidney?

A

The Glomerulus and Bowmans Capsule

Cortex

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2
Q

What constitutes and nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle
PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT

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3
Q

What are the Ducts of Bellini?

A

Papillary ducts represent the most distal portion of the collecting duct system. They receive renal filtrate (precursor to urine) from several medullary collecting ducts and empty into a minor calyx.

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4
Q

What is the vascular pole of the glomerulus?

A

Where the afferent and efferent arterioles commuinicate with the gomerulus

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5
Q

What is the urinary pole of the glomerulus?

A

Where the golermulus commuincates with the PCT

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6
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

A

To produce ultrafiltrate of plasma

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7
Q

What is Bowman’s capsule?

A

It is a cup like structure that encloses the glomerulus

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8
Q

What is the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

A single layer of simple squamous epithelium. Does not function in filtration. The layer makes a funnel to collect the ultrafilterate which drains into the PCT at the urinary pole

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9
Q

What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s Capsule?

A

The Visceral layer of bowman’s capsule wraps around the capillary endothelium and is made of podocytes.

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10
Q

What is the filtration barrier produced by?

A

Capillary endothelium and visceral layer of Bowmans capsule

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11
Q

What about the capillaries allows the blood to be filtered out?

A

They are fenestrated and contain podocytes which invest in the capillary endothelium

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12
Q

What make the filtration slits?

A

The spaces between the podocyte processes

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13
Q

What do the endothelium and podocytes share?

A

A basement membrane

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14
Q

List 3 things of note about the very leaky filtration barrier?

A

Podocytes with foot processes
Fenestrated endothelium
Shared basement membrane

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15
Q

what epithelia does the PCT have?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

with a pronounced brush border

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16
Q

What is the longest and most convoluted section of the tubule?

A

PCT

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17
Q

Where does reabsorption begin?

A

PCT

18
Q

What does the loop of henle consist of? (4 parts)

A

Pars recta
Thin descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Thick ascending limb

19
Q

What epithelium does the thin descending/ascending limb of the Loop of Henle have?

A

Simple squamous epithelium, NO brush border

looks a lot like a small capillary but there are no RBCs

20
Q

Does active transport occur in the thin descending/ascending limb of the loop of henle?

A

No.

NO ACTIVE TRANSPORT

21
Q

Where is the loop of henle located?

A

Dips in to the medulla (in juxtamedullary nephrons, its much longer and does much deeper into the medulla)

22
Q

What epithelium does the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle contain?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

NO brush border

23
Q

Does active transport occur in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle?

A

YES

24
Q

Where is the DCT located?

A

Cortex

25
Q

What does the DCT make contact with?

A

Its parent glomerulus

26
Q

What epithelium does the DCT contain?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia
NO brush border
Larger lumen than the PCT

27
Q

How is the histology of the DCT different to the PCT?

A

No brush border

Large lumen

28
Q

What cellular machinery does the DCT contain numerous of?

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

What does the Juxtaglomerular aparatus consist of?

A

The macula densa of the DCT
Juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus
Extraglomerular mesangial cells (aka lacis cells)

30
Q

What is the collecting duct a continuation of and via what?

A

The DCT via the collecting tubule

31
Q

What is the appearance of the CD like?

A

Similar to thick loop of henle (simple cuboidal epithelium and NO brush border)
BUT lumen is larger and tend to be more irregular than circular

32
Q

The renal pyramid has progressively larger ducts, what merges to form these?
Where do they empty?

A

Formed by merging of the collecting ducts

Empty at renal papilla

33
Q

What is the ureter?

A

A muscular tube, urine passes from kidney to the bladder

34
Q

How many layers of SM does the ureter contain?

A

2

a third appears in the lower 1/3 of the ureter

35
Q

What epithelium does the ureter contain?

A

Specialised epithelium: transitional epithelium (urothelium)

36
Q

What is the bladder?

A

A hollow muscular organ that collects urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination

37
Q

How many layers of muscle does the bladder contain?

A

3

38
Q

What epithelium lines the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium (urothelium)

39
Q

what type of epithelium is transitional epithelium?

A

Stratified

40
Q

What functions of the transitional epithelium are beneficial for its location in the bladder?

A

Distensibility

Protection of underlying tissue from toxic chemicals (umbrella cells)

Urinary (7 decks)

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